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BMEN 309 Midterm 1 > Skeleton basics + APPENDICULAR > Flashcards

Skeleton basics + APPENDICULAR Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of appendicular skeleton

A

Upper and lower limb bones, supporting elements (girdles) connecting limbs to trunk (pectoral and pelvic girdle)

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2
Q

Upper limbs

A

Pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, hand

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3
Q

Clavicle and scapula. Position shoulder to provide base for movement.

A

Pectoral Girdle

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4
Q

Parts:
Glenoid fossa (articulates with head of humerus)

Acromion (most superior structure, articulates with clavicle)

Coracoid process (site of muscle attachment - such as pectoralis minor or short head of biceps brachii).

A

Scapula

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5
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial joint (gliding joint), articular disc (shock absorber).

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Joint between acromion and clavicle. Strong ligamentous support

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7
Q

Head - articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula

Capitulum (lateral) - articulates with head of radius

Trochlea (medial) - articulates with ulna (trochlear notch)

Olecranon fossa (posterior) - articulates with ulna

A

Humerus

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8
Q

Shoulder joint

Synovial joint - ball and socket, designed for mobility not stability

Axillary recess

All movements (flex, extend, abduct, adduct, rotate, circumduct)

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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9
Q

Hinge articulation with humerus at elbow. closer to the midline of body. More robust proximally and less robust distally.

A

Ulna

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10
Q

Head in pivot articulation with humerus. Further from midline of body than the ulna.

A

Radius

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11
Q

Made up of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints.

Synovial Joint

Hinge joint - flex/extend only

Reinforced by collateral ligaments

A

Cubital Joint (elbow joint)

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12
Q

Allows muscles to take radius and flip it over the ulnar.

Pivot joint. Pronation/supination

Radius rotates about the ulna at distal aspects (proximal aspect remains fixed in location but rotates in place. Annular ligament supports).

A

Radioulnar joint

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13
Q

Hand

A

Carpal bones

Metacarpals

Phalanges
(digits 2-5 are proximal, middle, distal and digit 1 is proximal and distal).

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14
Q

Carpal Bones

A

8 bones

Necessary to dissipate forces, allow for change in tendon direction and mechanical advantage, and protect vessels and nerves.

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15
Q

Synovial joint (modified condyloid joint)

Radius articulating with scaphoid and lunate

Ulnar side has fibrocartilage pad - no direct bony articulation

Movements: flex/extension, ulnar/radial deviation, circumduction.

A

Radiocarpal Joint

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16
Q

Parts of lower limb

A

Pelvic girdle, thigh, leg, foot

17
Q

Formed from the sacrum and 2 os coxae (hip bones): ilium, ischium, pubis

Acetabulum - socket of the hip joint

Basin formed by anterior union at pubic symphysis, and posterior union at sacrum

Sacrum: 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE

A

Pelvis

18
Q

Narrow and tall

Outlet and inlet is narrower

Sacrum larger and more curved

Iliac fossa deeper

Pubic angel acute (<70 degrees)

A

Male Pelvis

19
Q

Wide and short

Outlet and inlet wider

Sacrum shorter and less curved

Iliac fossa shallower

Pubic angle obtuse (>80 degrees)

A

Female Pelvis

20
Q

Longest and largest bone in the body

Head - articulates with acetabulum of pelvis

Greater trochanter (for muscle attachment for muscles around the hip)

Patellar surface

Medial and lateral condyles - articulates with tibia.

A

Femur

21
Q

Synovial joint (ball and socket joint) - all movements

Strong ligamentous support - greater stability, compromise mobility

Ligament of head of femur - minor blood supply to head

Acetabular labrum - functions to deepen the acetabulum and hold head of femur tight to “socket”

A

Acetabulofemoral joint (hip joint)

22
Q

Made of Lateral and medial condyles

Medial malleolus (of ankle)

Closer to midline of body

A

Tibia

23
Q

Made of Head and lateral malleolus

Further from midline of body

A

Fibula

24
Q

Interosseous membrane with very little movement

syndesmosis joint

Reinforced with ligaments

A

Tibiofibular joint

25
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Synovial joint: modified hinge joint (flex/extend, rotate)

26
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

prevents anterior tibial translation

27
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents posterior tibial translation

28
Q

Menisci

A

Fibrocartilage

Deepen the tibia plateau for femoral condyles

Protect and cushion the joint surface and bone ends

29
Q

Foot

A

Tarsal bones
metatarsal
phalanges (digits 2-5 are proximal, intermediate distal, and digit 1 is proximal and distal).

30
Q

Tarsal Bones

A

7 bones. Act as shock absorbers, provide muscle attachment, and protect vessels and nerves.

Three arches distribute weight, provide balance and support.

BMEN 309 Midterm 1 (11 decks)

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