Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMEN 309 Midterm 1 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Produce movement of the skeleton

Maintain posture and body position

Support and control soft tissues (and circulation)

Regulate orifices

Maintain body temperature

Store nutrient reserves

Most prevalent type, somatic, striated, multi-nucleated, and voluntary

Structure from combined tissue types (muscle, connective tissue, and nerves)

A

Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Limited to heart (myocardium), visceral, striated, involuntary

A

Cardiac Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lining of gut, blood vessels, and glands, visceral, non-striated, and involuntary

A

Smooth Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contract to expel contents of secreting glands

A

Myoepithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epimysium

A

Muscle. Dense layer of collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Perimysium

A

Fascicle. Collagen and elastin fibers.

Contain branching blood vessels and nerves.

About 100 microns diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounding muscle fiber cells. Elastin connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Formed from collagen fibers of perimysium and epimysium

Attach skeletal muscle to bone

Collagen fibers extend into bone matrix to provide firm attachment

A

Tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Relatively long (up to 30cm long)

Multinucleated (myoblasts fuse into muscle fibers)

Rich in mitochondria

Stem cells replace damaged fibers

A

Skeletal muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compose skeletal muscle fiber

Consist of bundles of protein filaments called myofilaments
Thin (actin)
Thick (myosin)

Actively shorten to produce overall muscle contraction

A

Myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Basic contractile unit of a muscle

Boundaries are the Z-lines

Center is the M-line

I-band composed of myosin filaments - overlaps actin except in H zone

A

Sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During a contraction

A

H-zone and I-bands get smaller

Zones of overlap increase

Z-lines move closer together

A-band width remains constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Motor Unit

A

Motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it supplies

The amount of tension produced depends on the number of these units stimulated to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large motor units

A

Erector spinae posture muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Small motor units

A

Fingers, eye muscles; fine motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electrical impulse transmitted to neuromuscular junction at synaptic terminal

Release of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) across synaptic cleft - signals al myofibrils in range to contract

A

Muscle Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cross bridges

A

form when myosin binds to actin

Myosin head pivots towards M-line

ADP + P released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Muscle tension exceeds load

Muscle shortens

(contraction - example: upwards movement of bicep)

A

Concentric muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Load exceeds muscle tension

Muscle lengthens

(elongation - example: downwards movement of bicep)

A

Eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscle tension equals load

Muscle length as a whole does not change

Typically oppose the force of gravity

No overall joint movement

A

Isometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tension constant as length changes

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The movement of large numbers of calcium ions through membranes set up an electrical field, which is measured by this.

A

Electromyography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of muscle fibers

A

parallel, convergent, pennate, circular

24
Q

Example of parallel muscle fiber

A

Biceps brachii. Adds force and contraction to one direction of movement.

25
Q

Example of convergent muscle fiber

A

Pectoralis major. Muscle fibers go in different directions, and converge on a point of action on the skeleton.

26
Q

Example of pennate muscle fibers

A

Rectus femoris (bipennate), deltoid (multipennate), extensor digitorum (unipennate)

27
Q

Example of circular muscle fibers

A

Around eyes or mouth

28
Q

Fascicles parallel to long axis of muscle - efficient motion and force

Most common type

Contraction: muscle gets shorter and belly (middle of muscle) gets wider

A

Parallel muscle fibers

29
Q

Fascicles originate over wide area and converge on common attachment site - not as much force

Direction of pull can be changed depending on which fascicles contract

A

Convergent muscle fibers

30
Q

Tendon runs into muscle

Fascicles form oblique angles to tendon

Contain more muscle fibres than parallel of same size - generates more tension

Unipenate - on one side of tendon

Bipenate - on both sides of tendon

Multipenate - tendon branches within

A

Pennate muscle fibers

31
Q

Fascicles concentrically arranged around opening of recess

Form sphincters

Contraction reduces diameter of opening

A

Circular muscle fibers

32
Q

tendons

A

bone to muscle

33
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

34
Q

Fulcrum between force and resistance

Relatively large range of movement, but requires large force

Face hanging off where the neck attaches at the occipital bone is resistant by muscles in the back of the neck.

A

First class lever

35
Q

Resistance is between the force and fulcrum

Force is farther from the fulcrum than the resistance

Therefore a small force can move a larger weight

Resistance moves slowly and covers a short distance

Chewing a jawbreaker: Muscles in the jaw pulling up at the side of the face. Fulcrum is at temporal mandibular joint, load is at the back of the molar, and forces are on the mandible of the jaw.

A

Second class lever

36
Q

Force applied between resistance and fulcrum

Speed and distance traveled increases at the expense of effective force

Muscles must generate greater tension to support resistance/weight at end of lever

Most common lever type in the body

Jaw for a load at the incisors

A

Third class lever

37
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover muscle

38
Q

Synergist

A

Assists agonist muscle

39
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes the movement of an agonist muscle

40
Q

Fixator

A

Steadies joint

41
Q

Moves and stabilizes the trunk

Facilitates breathing

Divided into anterior (hypaxial) and posterior (epaxial) musculature

A

Trunk Musculature

42
Q

Moves ribs
Supports abdominal viscera
Maintains inter-abdominal pressure (key for breathing and digestion)

A

Anterior (hypaxial) musculature

43
Q

Maintains body position
Supports head and neck

Erector spinae group composed of longissimus, spinalis, and illiocostalis

Shoulder musculature

Stabilize scapula during arm movement, rotate glenohumeral joint

A

Posterior (epaxial) musculature

44
Q

Muscular covering of the abdominal cavity

Compress abdomen, rotate/flex trunk, stabilize trunk on the pelvis

Originate on ribs/vertebral column

A

Abdominal Wall

45
Q

Parts of abdominal wall

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis (rectus sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the above muscles), rectus abdominis (6-pack, originates on pubis, inserts on ribs and xiphoid process)

46
Q

Breathing musculature

Raise/lower the ribs to change thoracic volume (occupy space between ribs)

External and internal types

A

Intercostal Musculature

47
Q

Controls position of the scapula

Ascending, transverse, descending

A

Trapezius

48
Q

Rhomboids

A

Major, minor

49
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Protracts the scapula

50
Q

Vertebral, scapular, costal, iliac components

A

Latissimus dorsi

51
Q

Designed for flexibility and mobility

Sometimes sacrifice stability

Muscles at glenohumeral, cubital, and radiocarpal joints act to stabilize and rotate arm and hand

Muscles of limb divided into functional compartments by fascia (anterior and posterior)

A

Upper Limb Musculature

52
Q

Rotate and stabilize the humerus

Tendons contribute to the shape of the glenoid cavity - originate on scapula (anterior and posterior parts) and insert on the humerous (greater and lesser tubercule), and inctease stability about the joint

A

Rotator Cuff

53
Q

Muscle groups of the rotator cuff (SITS)

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

54
Q

Goes from the shoulder to the elbow

Permit movement about the glenohumeral and cubital joints

Anterior parts:
Biceps brachii
Brachialis (from humerus across elbow joint)
Coracobrachialis (from scapula to humerus)

Posterior parts:
Triceps brachii

A

Arm

55
Q

Elbow to wrist

Control fingers
-origin on humerus, ulna, and radius
-Insertion on carpals and phalanges

Anterior parts (origin from medial epicondyle)
-Flexor carpi (radialis, ulnaris)
-Flexor digitorum (superficialis or profundus)

Posterior (origin from lateral epicondyle)
-Extensor carpi (ulnaris, radialis brevis, radialis longus)
-Extensor digitorum
-Extensor indicus

A

Forearm

56
Q

Extensors of wrist and hand originate from the

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus near the elbow

BMEN 309 Midterm 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions