skeleton Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
movement
protection
support
shape
blood cell production
mineral storage
jaw (bone)
mandible
What are the types of bones?
flat bone
irregular bone
long bone
short bone
Skull (bone)?
cranium
collar bone
clavicle
shoulder (bone)
scapula
breast bone
sternum
rib cage
ribs
spine
vertebral column (vertebrae)
The 2 in your lower arm (bone)
radius and ulna
hip (bone)
pelvis
Top of your arm (bone)
humerus
thigh bone
femur
2 bones on calf
tibia and fibula
knee bone
patella
wrist bone
carpal
hand bone
metacarpals
finger and toes bone
phalanges
ankle bone
talus
foot bones x2
tarsal and metatarsal
How does the skeleton move?
joints.
What are bone to bone?
ligaments
What are the types of movement? (6)
adduction
abduction
flexion
extension
circumduction
rotation
what are muscle to bone?
tendons
Why is support good (skeleton)?
It helps you do certain things
without support you wouldn’t be able to hold your weight to be able to do a handstand in gymnastics
What is an example of a bone protecting a vital organ?
In a rugby scrum your cranium protects your brain from being damaged.
What does shape determine?
height and build
if you have long light bones you are usually… (shape)
tall and thin
If you have short thick bones you are usually… (shape)
shorter and broad
Example of shape affecting a sport?
In weightlifting people with strong heavy bons are usually better at lifting compared to people with light bones as they don’t have the weight behind them to lift up the weight.
what do red blood cells do?
carry oxygen to working muscles
Where are blood cells and platelets made?
bones
Where are most minerals stored?
give an example
bones
calcium and phosphorus
What are the 4 main functions of the spine?
.protect spinal chords
.support weight of the head, ribs and upper limbs
.transfer upper body weight to lower limbs through pelvis
.allows muscle attachment which lets the spine and limbs move
What do white blood cells do?
protect body from bacteria and infection
What do platelets do?
cause scabs to block a cut
What are the 5 main parts of the spine?
.cervical curved
.thoracic curve
.lumbar curve
.sacrum
.coccyx
What in between each vertebrae to allow for movement and prevent the bones grinding?
Cartilage
How many vertebrae’s in the vertebral column
33
What is a joint?
a place where 2 or more bones meet
What are the 3 types of joints?
hinge joint
ball and socket joint
synovial joint
What is a synovial joint?
freely movable joints
Example of ball and socket joints?
what bones are they
shoulder
(humerus and scapula)
hip
(pelvis and femur)
Example of a hinge joint?
What bones do they include
knee
(femur, tibia)
elbow
(radius, ulna, humerus)
ankle
(talus, tibia, tarsals)
What is adduction?
move limb towards your body
after a star jump
after breaststroke
What are the types of movement at a ball and socket joint?
.extension
.flexion
.abduction
.adduction
.hyperextension
.circumduction
.rotation
What are the types of movement at a hinge joint?
flexion
extension
What is rotation?
turning s limb
backstroke (arms)
ballet
What is circumduction?
where you limb moves in a circular shape
.butterfly
cricket
serve in tennis
What is extension?
opening a joint
.boxing
.netball
What is flexion?
closing a joint
.before shooting a hoop
.football
What is abduction?
moving the limb away from your body
.goalkeeper
.cartwheel
What is a joint capsule?
outer sleeve that protects and holds the knee together
What is the synovial membrane?
secretes synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid?
a liquid which lubricates the joint so it can move freely
What is a bursa (plural bursae)?
small fluid filled pouch lined, provides a cushion between bones
What is cartilage?
a soft, spongy connective tissue
.stops bones rubbing together
.shock absoption
What are ligaments?
Attaches bone to bone to keep the joint stable
What are tendons?
very strong, inelastic connective tissues that allow a muscle to pull on a bone to move it
What is it when you point your toes?
plantarflexion
What is it when you put your toes towards your shin?
dorsiflexion
