heart Flashcards
what is inhalation?
breathing in
what is exhalation?
breathing out
What happens during inspiration?
lungs create a vacuum
intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs out and up
diaphragm contracts and flattens increasing chest size
so lung size can increase
lungs can expand more in exercise with sternocleidomastoid and pectorals
What happens during experation?
intercostal muscles relax and ribs go in and down
diaphragm relaxes goes up
lungs decrease in size
order of breathing in
(nose/ mouth - …)
nose/mouth
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
capillaries
what is gaseous exchange?
.process where O2 from air in ALVEOLI moves into BLOOD in the capillaries
.CO2 goes from blood to alveoli
features of alveoli?
.large SA
.moist thin walls
.Short diffusion distance
.lots of capillaries
.large blood supply
What is lung volume?
amount of air inhaled, exhaled and stored in lungs
What is tidal volume?
amount of air breathed in and out during a normal breath
How to measure lung volume?
spirometer
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
amount of extra air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal breath
What is expiratory reserve volume?
amount of extra air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal breath
What is residual volume?
air that remains in lungs after max exhale. prevent lungs from collapsing
during exercise what happens to
tidal volume,
inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
and residual volume?
TV increases
IRV decreases
ERV decreases
RV stays the same
what is heart made out of?
cardiac muscle
order of heart?
Vena…
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body
What are capillaries?
.one cell thick
.thin moist walls
.function - gaseous exchange
what are arteries?
.small lumen
.thick walls
.high pressure
.oxygenated
.AWAY from heart
.elasticated walls
What are veins?
.large lumen
.thin walls
.low pressure
.INTO heart
.deoxygenated
.valves
what is the only exception for veins?
Pulmonary vein is oxygenated
What is the only exception for arteries?
Pulmonary artery is deoxygenated
what are valves for?
prevent backflow
what are the 2 values on a blood pressure reading?
systolic
dystolic
what is systolic?
blood pressure while the heart is pumping
what is blood pressure?
force of blood passing through arteries
What is dystolic?
blood pressure while the heart is relaxing
What is a heart rate?
number of times your heart beats in 1 minute
max heart rate?
220 - your age = max HR
average resting heart rate?
70-72bpm
what does a lower resting heart rate mean?
high levels of cardio-vascular endurance/ aerobic fitness
equation for cardiac output?
Q = SV * HR
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped out heart in 1 MINUTE
What is stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out the heart in 1 BEAT
What do red blood cells do?
.carry oxygen (haemoglobin)
.made in bone marrow
What can affect your heat rate?
.diet
.obesity
.drugs
.lifestyle choices
.exercise
.gender
.height
What does platelets do?
.protect body, stopping it from bleeding
.clump together to form scabs
.prevents infection
What do white blood cells do?
produce antibodies
.destroy harmful microorganisms
.prevent infection
.made in bone marrow
What does plasma do?
.transports everything
.blood cells. CO2, hormones, waste
functions of the blood?
.transport nutrients and waste
.deliver oxygen to working muscles
.remove heat
.get rid of LA
.defend body against infection
.regulate blood pressure
What is vasoconstriction?
a response to being too cold.
narrowing of blood vessels at the skin surface to reduce heat loss
What is vasodilation?
a response to being too hot.
widening of blood vessels at the skin surface to increase heat loss
What is vascular shunt?
During exercise, blood is redistributed so more goes to working muscles.
This redirection of blood flow is called vascular shunt.
