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heart Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

what is inhalation?

A

breathing in

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2
Q

what is exhalation?

A

breathing out

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3
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

lungs create a vacuum
intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs out and up
diaphragm contracts and flattens increasing chest size
so lung size can increase
lungs can expand more in exercise with sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

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4
Q

What happens during experation?

A

intercostal muscles relax and ribs go in and down
diaphragm relaxes goes up
lungs decrease in size

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5
Q

order of breathing in
(nose/ mouth - …)

A

nose/mouth
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
capillaries

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6
Q

what is gaseous exchange?

A

.process where O2 from air in ALVEOLI moves into BLOOD in the capillaries
.CO2 goes from blood to alveoli

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7
Q

features of alveoli?

A

.large SA
.moist thin walls
.Short diffusion distance
.lots of capillaries
.large blood supply

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8
Q

What is lung volume?

A

amount of air inhaled, exhaled and stored in lungs

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9
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

amount of air breathed in and out during a normal breath

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9
Q

How to measure lung volume?

A

spirometer

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10
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of extra air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal breath

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11
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of extra air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal breath

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12
Q

What is residual volume?

A

air that remains in lungs after max exhale. prevent lungs from collapsing

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13
Q

during exercise what happens to
tidal volume,
inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
and residual volume?

A

TV increases
IRV decreases
ERV decreases
RV stays the same

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

what is heart made out of?

A

cardiac muscle

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16
Q

order of heart?
Vena…

A

vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body

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17
Q

What are capillaries?

A

.one cell thick
.thin moist walls
.function - gaseous exchange

18
Q

what are arteries?

A

.small lumen
.thick walls
.high pressure
.oxygenated
.AWAY from heart
.elasticated walls

19
Q

What are veins?

A

.large lumen
.thin walls
.low pressure
.INTO heart
.deoxygenated
.valves

20
Q

what is the only exception for veins?

A

Pulmonary vein is oxygenated

21
Q

What is the only exception for arteries?

A

Pulmonary artery is deoxygenated

22
Q

what are valves for?

A

prevent backflow

23
Q

what are the 2 values on a blood pressure reading?

A

systolic
dystolic

23
Q

what is systolic?

A

blood pressure while the heart is pumping

24
Q

what is blood pressure?

A

force of blood passing through arteries

25
Q

What is dystolic?

A

blood pressure while the heart is relaxing

26
Q

What is a heart rate?

A

number of times your heart beats in 1 minute

27
Q

max heart rate?

A

220 - your age = max HR

27
Q

average resting heart rate?

A

70-72bpm

28
Q

what does a lower resting heart rate mean?

A

high levels of cardio-vascular endurance/ aerobic fitness

29
Q

equation for cardiac output?

A

Q = SV * HR

30
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped out heart in 1 MINUTE

30
Q

What is stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped out the heart in 1 BEAT

31
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

.carry oxygen (haemoglobin)
.made in bone marrow

32
Q

What can affect your heat rate?

A

.diet
.obesity
.drugs
.lifestyle choices
.exercise
.gender
.height

33
Q

What does platelets do?

A

.protect body, stopping it from bleeding
.clump together to form scabs
.prevents infection

33
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

produce antibodies
.destroy harmful microorganisms
.prevent infection
.made in bone marrow

34
Q

What does plasma do?

A

.transports everything
.blood cells. CO2, hormones, waste

35
Q

functions of the blood?

A

.transport nutrients and waste
.deliver oxygen to working muscles
.remove heat
.get rid of LA
.defend body against infection
.regulate blood pressure

36
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

a response to being too cold.
narrowing of blood vessels at the skin surface to reduce heat loss

37
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

a response to being too hot.
widening of blood vessels at the skin surface to increase heat loss

38
Q

What is vascular shunt?

A

During exercise, blood is redistributed so more goes to working muscles.
This redirection of blood flow is called vascular shunt.

Sports Studies (10 decks)

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