skeletal tumours Flashcards

1
Q

osteochondromas are most common in

A

< 20

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2
Q

what is an osteochondroma

A
  • most common benign tumour
  • tumour of chondrocytes
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3
Q

most common areas affected by osteochondroma

A
  • knee
  • proximal femur
  • proximal humerus
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4
Q

osteochondroma diagnosis

A

radiology (seen as bony spur growing off the bone)

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5
Q

osteochondroma management

A

surgery

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6
Q

osteoid osteomas are most common in

A

boys < 20

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7
Q

what is an osteoid osteoma

A

tumour of osteoblasts

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8
Q

osteoid osteoma presentation

A

intense pain that is worse at night and relieved by NSAIDs

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9
Q

osteoid osteoma diagnosis

A

CT (metaphysis of long bones, lesions usually central)

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10
Q

osteoid osteoma management

A

resolve over time or with surgery

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11
Q

giant cell tumours are most common in

A

women 25-40

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12
Q

giant cell tumour diagnosis

A

radiology (soap bubble appearance at epiphysis or metaphysis of long bones, especially knee and wrist)

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13
Q

giant cell tumour management

A

curettage or resection

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14
Q

osteosarcomas are most common in

A

men < 25

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15
Q

what tumour can develop secondary to Paget’s in older patients

A

osteosarcoma

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16
Q

what are osteosarcomas

A
  • most common bone tumour
  • tumour of osteoblasts
17
Q

osteosarcoma diagnosis

A

radiology (sunray appearance of metaphysis of long bones, especially around knee)

18
Q

osteosarcoma management

A
  • combination of chemotherapy and surgery
  • resistant to radiotherapy
19
Q

chondrosarcomas are most common in

A

middle aged patients

20
Q

what are chondrosarcomas

A

tumours of chondrocytes

21
Q

chondrosarcoma: diagnosis

A

radiology (popcorn calcification at axial skeleton, especially around proximal femur or pelvis)

22
Q

chondrosarcoma management

23
Q

Ewing’s sarcomas are most common in

A

adolescent men

24
Q

what are Ewing’s sarcomas

A

primitive round cell neuro-ectodermal tumour

25
Ewing's sarcoma presentation
warm swelling and associated raised inflammatory markers
26
Ewing's sarcoma diagnosis
radiology (onion ring sign)
27
Ewing's sarcoma management
combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery
28
most common locations for bone metastasis
- prostate - breast - small cell lung - kidney - thyroid
29
what is Mirel's score
scoring system used to identify patients with malignant bone tumours that are at high risk of fracture and would therefore benefit from prophylactic internal fixation
30
factors used in Mirel's score
- site - location - size - lytic/sclerotic
31
what does Mirel's score > 8 suggest
benefit from internal fixation