skeletal tumours Flashcards
osteochondromas are most common in
< 20
what is an osteochondroma
- most common benign tumour
- tumour of chondrocytes
most common areas affected by osteochondroma
- knee
- proximal femur
- proximal humerus
osteochondroma diagnosis
radiology (seen as bony spur growing off the bone)
osteochondroma management
surgery
osteoid osteomas are most common in
boys < 20
what is an osteoid osteoma
tumour of osteoblasts
osteoid osteoma presentation
intense pain that is worse at night and relieved by NSAIDs
osteoid osteoma diagnosis
CT (metaphysis of long bones, lesions usually central)
osteoid osteoma management
resolve over time or with surgery
giant cell tumours are most common in
women 25-40
giant cell tumour diagnosis
radiology (soap bubble appearance at epiphysis or metaphysis of long bones, especially knee and wrist)
giant cell tumour management
curettage or resection
osteosarcomas are most common in
men < 25
what tumour can develop secondary to Paget’s in older patients
osteosarcoma
what are osteosarcomas
- most common bone tumour
- tumour of osteoblasts
osteosarcoma diagnosis
radiology (sunray appearance of metaphysis of long bones, especially around knee)
osteosarcoma management
- combination of chemotherapy and surgery
- resistant to radiotherapy
chondrosarcomas are most common in
middle aged patients
what are chondrosarcomas
tumours of chondrocytes
chondrosarcoma: diagnosis
radiology (popcorn calcification at axial skeleton, especially around proximal femur or pelvis)
chondrosarcoma management
surgery
Ewing’s sarcomas are most common in
adolescent men
what are Ewing’s sarcomas
primitive round cell neuro-ectodermal tumour
Ewing’s sarcoma presentation
warm swelling and associated raised inflammatory markers
Ewing’s sarcoma diagnosis
radiology (onion ring sign)
Ewing’s sarcoma management
combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery
most common locations for bone metastasis
- prostate
- breast
- small cell lung
- kidney
- thyroid
what is Mirel’s score
scoring system used to identify patients with malignant bone tumours that are at high risk of fracture and would therefore benefit from prophylactic internal fixation
factors used in Mirel’s score
- site
- location
- size
- lytic/sclerotic
what does Mirel’s score > 8 suggest
benefit from internal fixation
