dislocations

Question 1

mechanism of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 1

• excessive external rotation or fall onto the back of the shoulder
• more common than posterior

Question 2

anterior shoulder dislocation presentation

Answer 2

• shoulder asymmetry
• arm held in adduction
• loss of shoulder contour
• loss of sensation over badge patch area (C5, damage to axillary nerve)

Question 3

anterior shoulder dislocation management

Answer 3

closed reduction under sedation and immobilisation in sling (anterior shoulder)

Question 4

anterior shoulder dislocation associations

Answer 4

• stretch of axillary nerve
• proximal humeral fracture
• detachment of anterior glenoid labrum (Bankart lesion)

Question 5

posterior shoulder dislocation causes

Answer 5

• seizure
• electrocution

Question 6

mechanism of posterior shoulder dislcoation

Answer 6

• fall onto internally rotated arm
• direct blow to anterior shoulder

Question 7

posterior shoulder dislocation presentation

Answer 7

• shoulder asymmetry
• loss of shoulder contour
• posterior palpation of humeral head

Question 8

posterior shoulder dislocation diagnosis

Answer 8

• AP and lateral x-ray
• light bulb sign

Question 9

posterior shoulder dislocation management

Answer 9

closed reduction under sedation and immobilisation in sling (posterior shoulder)

Question 10

mechanism of elbow dislocation

Answer 10

fall onto outstretched hand or yanking of a child’s arm

Question 11

elbow dislocation presentation

Answer 11

• pain in elbow
• inability to move elbow

Question 12

elbow dislocation management

Answer 12

closed reduction and immobilisation in sling (elbow)

Question 13

elbow dislocation associations

Answer 13

• neurovascular damage
• radial head fracture

Question 14

hip dislocation causes

Answer 14

direct trauma (e.g. road traffic accident, fall from height)

Question 15

posterior hip dislcoation presentation

Answer 15

affected leg is shortened, adducted and internally rotated

Question 16

anterior hip dislocation presentation

Answer 16

affected leg is abducted and externally rotated (no shortening)

Question 17

hip dislocation management

Answer 17

• ABCDE
• analgesia
• reduction under general anaesthetic within 4 hours to reduce risk of avascular necrosis

Question 18

hip dislocation complications

Answer 18

• sciatic or femoral nerve injury
• avascular necrosis
• osteoarthritis
• recurrent dislocation due to damage of supporting ligaments