dislocations Flashcards
mechanism of anterior shoulder dislocation
- excessive external rotation or fall onto the back of the shoulder
- more common than posterior
anterior shoulder dislocation presentation
- shoulder asymmetry
- arm held in adduction
- loss of shoulder contour
- loss of sensation over badge patch area (C5, damage to axillary nerve)
anterior shoulder dislocation management
closed reduction under sedation and immobilisation in sling (anterior shoulder)
anterior shoulder dislocation associations
- stretch of axillary nerve
- proximal humeral fracture
- detachment of anterior glenoid labrum (Bankart lesion)
posterior shoulder dislocation causes
- seizure
- electrocution
mechanism of posterior shoulder dislcoation
- fall onto internally rotated arm
- direct blow to anterior shoulder
posterior shoulder dislocation presentation
- shoulder asymmetry
- loss of shoulder contour
- posterior palpation of humeral head
posterior shoulder dislocation diagnosis
- AP and lateral x-ray
- light bulb sign
posterior shoulder dislocation management
closed reduction under sedation and immobilisation in sling (posterior shoulder)
mechanism of elbow dislocation
fall onto outstretched hand or yanking of a child’s arm
elbow dislocation presentation
- pain in elbow
- inability to move elbow
elbow dislocation management
closed reduction and immobilisation in sling (elbow)
elbow dislocation associations
- neurovascular damage
- radial head fracture
hip dislocation causes
direct trauma (e.g. road traffic accident, fall from height)
posterior hip dislcoation presentation
affected leg is shortened, adducted and internally rotated
anterior hip dislocation presentation
affected leg is abducted and externally rotated (no shortening)
hip dislocation management
- ABCDE
- analgesia
- reduction under general anaesthetic within 4 hours to reduce risk of avascular necrosis
hip dislocation complications
- sciatic or femoral nerve injury
- avascular necrosis
- osteoarthritis
- recurrent dislocation due to damage of supporting ligaments
