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year 2 - musculoskeletal > knee conditions > Flashcards

knee conditions Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of medical collateral tear

A

excessive valgus force (e.g. side tackle)

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2
Q

medial collateral tear presentation

A
  • swelling and effusion
  • pain and tenderness over ligament insertion
  • pain and laxity on valgus stressing over the knee
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3
Q

medial collateral tear management

A

rest and firm brace

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4
Q

mechanism of lateral collateral tear

A

varus stress on the knee

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5
Q

lateral collateral tear presentation

A
  • foot drop
  • swelling and effusion
  • pain and tenderness over ligament insertion
  • pain and tenderness on varus stressing
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6
Q

lateral collateral tear management

A
  • conservative
  • surgical intervention if unstable
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7
Q

complication of lateral collateral tear

A

peroneal nerve damage

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8
Q

mechanism of ACL tear

A
  • common injury in football and skiing
  • lateral twisting of the body when the foot is planted on the ground, causing excessive internal rotation
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9
Q

ACL tear presentation

A
  • pop heard at time of injury
  • deep pain within the knee
  • rotational instability (feels like knee is going to give way)
  • swelling that developed within a few hours of time of injury
  • positive Lachman’s test or anterior drawer test
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10
Q

ACL tear diagnosis

A
  • x-ray to rule out any concurrent fractures
  • consider MRI
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11
Q

ACL tear management

A
  • rest and physiology
  • 1/3 have no long term problems, 1/3 continue with most daily activities but not sports, and 1/3 are unstable and have trouble with most daily activities
  • surgery can be considered to replace the ligament
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12
Q

what will a PCL tear usually occur with

A

LCL tear

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13
Q

mechanism of PCL tear

A

valgus stress, hyper-extension and direct blow to a flexed knee

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14
Q

PCL tear presentation

A
  • pain, instability and hyper-extension
  • instability when walking downstairs
  • positive posterior drawer test
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15
Q

PCL tear management

A

conservative

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16
Q

PCL tear complication

A

peroneal nerve injury

17
Q

risk factors for extensor mechanism rupture

A
  • diabetes
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • tendinitis
  • steroid use
18
Q

mechanism of extensor mechanism rupture

A

rapid contraction of extensor muscles when lifting a heavy object

19
Q

most common site of extensor mechanism rupture

A
  • < 40: patellar
  • > 40: quadriceps
20
Q

extensor mechanism rupture: presentation

A
  • reduced ability to extend knee
  • reduced power in quadriceps
  • palpable gap in extensor tendons
21
Q

extensor mechanism rupture diagnosis

A

ultrasound

22
Q

extensor mechanism rupture management

A
  • rest if partial
  • repair if full
23
Q

mechanism for meniscal tear in younger patients

A

due to rotational force on a loaded knee (similar mechanism to ACL damage)

24
Q

mechanism for meniscal tear in elderly patients

A

occur spontaneously or due to innocuous injury due to age related degeneration

25
Q

what is a bucket handle tear

A

large longitudinal tear where the torn fragment flips out of place causing locking of the knee

26
Q

meniscal tear presentation

A
  • pain localised to side of tear (medial more common)
  • instability and feeling that knee is going to give way
  • catching sensation during extension or complete instability due to locking
  • swelling, which develops over 24 hours
  • McMurray’s test positive
27
Q

meniscal tear diagnosis

A

MRI

28
Q

meniscal tear management

A
  • conservative
  • only 10% are suitable for repair
29
Q

mechanism of pre-patellar bursitis (housemaid’s knee)

A

excessive kneeling down

30
Q

pre-patellar bursitis (housemaid’s knee) presentation

A

swelling on anterior and inferior patella

31
Q

pre-patellar bursitis (housemaid’s knee) management

A

analgesia

32
Q

Baker’s cyst causes

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
33
Q

what is a Baker’s cyst

A

swelling caused by herniation of synovial fluid

34
Q

Baker’s cyst presentation

A

pain and calf swelling associated with a fluctuant mass

35
Q

Baker’s cyst diagnosis

A

ultrasound to rule out DVT

36
Q

Baker’s cyst management

A

self resolves

year 2 - musculoskeletal (20 decks)

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