SKELETAL SYSTEM UNIT 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the skeletal system:

A

Bones, Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments

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2
Q

Ligaments connect..

A

Bone to bone

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3
Q

Tendons connect….

A

Muscle to bone

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4
Q

Functions of the bone:

A
  1. Support the body
  2. Protection of soft organs
  3. Movement due to attached skeletal muscles.
  4. Storage of minerals
  5. Blood cell formation
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5
Q

2 minerals bone store…

A

Calcium & Phosphorus

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6
Q

What is compact bone?

A
  • Forms the outer layer of bone and makes up the shaft of long bones.
  • 75-80% of the skeleton
  • Dense bone/heavy
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7
Q

What is spongy or cancellous bone?

A
  • Has many open spaces
  • Found at the end of long bones and the middle of other bone types.
  • Small needle-like pieces of bone called trabeculae.
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8
Q

How is trabeculae form?

A

Formed due to stresses and gives bone strength.

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9
Q

How many bones does the human body have?

A

206 bones

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10
Q

2 divisions of the skeleton are:

A

Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

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11
Q

Axial Skeleton:

A
  • Found in the head and torso
  • Skull, spine, ribcage
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12
Q

Total bones in the axial skeleton?

A

80 Bones

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13
Q

Appendicular Skeleton:

A
  • Found in the appendages/limbs
  • Arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders
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14
Q

Total bones in appendicular skeleton?

A

126 Bones

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15
Q

Different types of bone shape:

A

Long, Short, Irregular, Flat, & Sesamoid Bones

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16
Q

Long Bones:

A
  • Longer than wide
  • Have a shaft with heads at both ends
  • Contain mostly compact bone
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17
Q

Examples of long bones?

A

Femur & Humerus

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18
Q

Short Bones:

A
  • Generally cube-shaped
  • Contain mostly spongy bone
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19
Q

Examples of short bones?

A

Carpals & Tarsals

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20
Q

Flat Bones:

A
  • Thin and flattened
  • Usually curved
  • Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
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21
Q

Examples of flat bones?

A

Skull, ribs, & sternum

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22
Q

Irregular Bones:

A
  • Irregular shape
  • Don’t fit into other bone classification categories
23
Q

Examples of irregular bones?

A

Vertebrae & hip

24
Q

Sesamoid Bone:

A
  • Small independent bone developed in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure.
25
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones?

A

Patella

26
Q

Osteon…

A
  • Unit of bone
  • Consists of a central canal which is surrounded by concentric rings.
27
Q

Harvesian Canal…

A
  • Opening in the center of an osteon-central canal.
  • Carries blood vessels and nerves
28
Q

Volkmann’s Canal….

A
  • Canal perpendicular to the central canal.
  • Carries blood vessels and nerves
29
Q

Lamallae…

A
  • Rings around the central canal
  • Sites of lacunae
30
Q

Lacunae….

A
  • Cavities containing bone cells
  • Arranged in concentric rings between the lamallae
31
Q

Canaliculi…

A
  • Tiny canals between lacunae
  • Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
  • Form a transport system to deliver nutrients
32
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

33
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that form the matrix, form new bone

34
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down the bone whether it is old bone, remodeling bone, or body CA++.

35
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cell

A

Stem cells in the bone, only bone cells that divide, can differentiate into other types of cells.

36
Q

Diaphysis…

A
  • Shaft (middle)
  • Composed of compact bone
37
Q

Epiphysis..

A
  • Ends of the bones
  • Lined with compact bone. Composed mostly of spongy bone
38
Q

Periosteum….

A
  • Outside covering of the diaphysis
  • Fibrous connective tissue memebrane
39
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers…..

A
  • Secure periosteum to underlying tissue
40
Q

Arteries…

A
  • Supply bone cells with nutrients
41
Q

Articular cartilage….

A
  • covers the external surface of the epiphysis
  • made of hyaline cartilage
  • decreases friction at joint surfaces
42
Q

Epiphyseal Plate….

A
  • Is a plate of hyaline cartilage found in children and adolescents, allows for growth
43
Q

Epiphyseal Line….

A
  • Replaced by a line in adults when growth has stopped
44
Q

Site of hematopoesis?

A
  • Red bone marrow
45
Q

Medullary Cavity..

A
  • Cavity of the shaft
  • Contains yellow marrow (mostly fats) in adults
46
Q

Endosteoum…..

A
  • A thin vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity
47
Q

Bone Markings:

A
  • Surface features of bones
  • Sites of attachments for tendons, & ligaments
  • Passages for nerves and blood vessels
48
Q

Projections and Processes

A

Grow out from the bone surface

49
Q

Depressions or Cavities

A

Indentations, holes

50
Q

The axial skeleton forms…

A

The central axis of the skeleton

51
Q

Axial skeleton is divided 3 parts…

A

Skull, Vertebral Column, & Bony thorax

52
Q

Function of the axial skeleton?

A

Protection

53
Q

Cranial bones are

A

Parietal (2), Temporal (2). Frontal (1), Occipital (1), Ethmoid (1), & Sphenoid (1)

54
Q

Facial Bones are

A

Maxilla (2), zygomatic (2), mandible (2), nasal (1), palatine (2), inferior nasal concha (2), lacrimal (2), & vomer (1)