Intro to the Human Body UNIT 1 Flashcards
Excretory/Urinary System (FUNCTION)
Filters waste from the blood
Lymphatic/Immune System (FUNCTION)
-Picks up excess water and delivers back to cardiovascular system.
-Fights foreign invaders.
Endocrine System (FUNCTION)
Control system - Homeostasis
-Uses hormones
S. NEEDS (3)
NUTRIENTS - the substances needed for structure and function.
Positive Feed Back System
- not common
- It enhances the stimulus, if it’s an increase, it will increase it up to a point.
Deep
Towards the inside
Dorsal Cavity
A. Cranial Cavity
- skull/facial – brain
B. Spinal Cavity/Vertebral Cavity
- composed of vertebrae – spinal cord
Reproductive System (FUNCTION)
Reproduce
Anterior/Ventral
structures that are in front
How many organ systems are there?
11
Lymphatic/Immune System (ORGAN)
Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph, spleen.
Nervous System (ORGANS)
Brain, nerves, spinal cord
Cardiovascular System (ORGANS)
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Reproductive System (ORGANS)
MALE: Testis, vas deferens, prostate gland, urether
FEMALE: Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
Abdominal Cavity
Much larger
75%-80%
Superior
structures that are above
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Atom, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Endocrine System (ORGAN)
Testis, ovaries, pancreas, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus and adrenal glands.
Coroneal Plane
Divides structures into anterior & posterior halves
S. NEEDS (2)
OXYGEN - need to produce energy (ATP)
Digestive System (ORGANS)
Stomach, intestines, liver, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, gall bladder
S. NEEDS (5)
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
- Are the molecules hitting your body.
- At high altitude with less pressure, it’s harder to take in O2.
Proximal
Refer to the limbs
- structure closer to the trunk of the body.
Muscular System (ORGANS)
Muscles, tendons
Inferior
structures that are below
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Relates to a body structure to a particular body orientation.
- standing
- feet shoulder width apart and forward
- arms to side
- palms facing forward
- head is looking forward
Digestive System (FUNCTIONS)
To take in, breakdown nutrients and eliminate waste
Negative Feed Back Mechanisms
- Most common one in the body.
- It causes the opposite effect of the stimulus
(if there was an increase the response is a decrease)
ANATOMY
The study of the structures of the human body and their relationships.
Lateral
To the side
Transverse Plane
Divides it into superior & inferior halves
Midsagittal Plane
Divides into equal right & left halves
S. NEEDS (1)
H2O - involved with almost all chemical reactions.
Skeletal System (ORGANS)
Bones, ligaments, joints
PHISIOLOGY
The functions of the structures and how the function relates to other structures.
S. NEEDS (4)
BODY TEMPERATURE (HOMEOSTASIS)
- Gets too low
Chemical reactions slow down and eventually stop,
- Gets too hot
Start breaking down proteins (enzymes) body not able to function.
Medial
Towards or the middle
Muscular System (FUNCTION)
Movement
Sagittal Plane
Divides into right & left
Positive Feed Back System (EXAMPLES)
Injuries, digestion and child birth
Integumentary System (ORGANS)
Skin, sweat glands, oil glands, nails and hair.
Integumentary System (FUNCTION)
Protection
Cardiovascular System (FUNCTION)
Transportation
HOMEOSTASIS
Keeping the internal environment approximately the same.
Distal
Refer to the limbs
- structure away from trunk of the body
Respiratory System (FUNCTION)
Exchange of gases: CO2 for O2
Superficial
Towards the surface
Pelvic Cavity
- Most inferior part of abdominopelvic cavity.
- No definite division between the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
- contains bladder, reproductive structures, rectum
Intermediate
A structure in between the middle and side
Nervous System (FUNCTION)
Communicates, controls, hemeostasis
Excretory/Urinary System (ORGAN)
Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
Respiratory System (ORGANS)
Nose, lungs, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
Posterior/Dorsal
Structures that are behind
Ventral Cavity
Contains most of the organs
A. Thoracic Cavity (Chest)
- ribs, sternum, clavicle
- diaphram
- heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, descending aorta
B. Abdominopelvic Cavity
- inferior to the diaphram
Skeletal System (FUNCTIONS)
Protection, support, allows for movement
Hematapoiesis (produces blood cells)
