INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM UNIT 5 Flashcards
What is the integument?
Tough layer/Covering
The skin is the largest organ of the body
TRUE or FALSE
True
What is the integument divided into?
The cutaneous membrane & appendages
The Cutaneous Membrane has:
Epidermis, Dermis & Hypodermis
The appendages has:
Hair, Nails, Glands, Blood vessels & nerves
Functions are:
Protection, Thermoregulation, Synthesis of vitamin D, Excretion & Sensation
Mechanical Barrier is?
Contains keratin, fat cells & nerve receptors.
Chemical barrier is?
Keratinized cells & nerve endings
Prevents Dehydration:
Skin is water resistant
When do dermal blood vessels DILATE?
When body is heating up to release heat.
When do dermal blood vessels CONSTRICT?
When cold to conserve body heat.
Epidermis:
Superficial layer & Composed of epithelial tissue
Dermis:
Middle layer & Composed of Connective Tissue
Hypodermis:
Deep layer & Composed of adipose tissue
The epidermis has:
- Has 5 layers
- Avascular layer
- Has keratinocytes
What is keratin?
Protein that makes the skin tough and waterproofed.
What is thin skin?
Covers most of the body
What is think skin?
Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
5 layers of epidermis from deepest to superficial
- Stratum Basal
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
Stratum Basale/Germinativum
- Deepest layer
- Cells constantly dividing
- Where fingerprints form
- Obtains the most nutrients
- 1 layer of cells
Stratum Spinosum
- Also called to spiny layer
- 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes
- Contain epidermal dendritic cells
Stratum Granulosum
- 3 to 4 layer of cells
- When flatten, become grainy
- Producing lots of keratin (becoming keratinocytes).
Stratum Corneum
- Superficial surface of skin
- 20 to 30 layers of keratinized cells
- Cells are dead
Stratum Lucidum
- The clear layer
- Only found in thick skin
Keratinocytes?
Most abundant cell, produce keratin
Dentritic Cells (Langerhand)?
Activate the immune system
Melanocytes?
Form the pigment melanin (your tan)
Merkel cells?
Associated with nerve endings touch receptors.
Dermis has 2 layers:
Papillary & Reticular Layer
Papillary Layer:
- Superficial layer
- Composed of areolar tissue
- Contains small capillaries, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons.
- Contains peglike projections called dermal papillae to form prints
Reticular Layer:
- Consists of dense irregular connective tissue
- Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, sweat, oily glands, nerves fibers, hair follicles & macrophages
Hair Follicle:
A compound structure that forms the hair
Hair root:
With the follicle
Hair shaft:
Outside of follicle (what you can see)
Arrector pill:
Smooth muscle attached to follicle
(When contracted it rises the hair, goosebumps)
Hair Bulb:
Base of the hair follicle that undergoes cell division to produce the hair.
Sebaceous gland it’s an:
- Oil gland
- It’s an exocrine gland
- Secretes sebum (oil)
