BASIC CHEMISTRY 1 UNIT 2 Flashcards
IONS
An atom with a charge
IONIC BONDS
A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion.
ATOMIC MASS
Weighted average of the masses of all the element’s isotopes.
SINGLE BOND
Share one pair of electrons
Covalent bonds are formed by….
Electrons shared
ATOMIC NUMBER
The number of protons in the nucleus.
How are compounds formed?
Formed by two or more different elements
NEUTRONS
Neutral charge, found in nucleus
POLAR COVALENT BONDS
The electrons are not shared
Facts of ionic bonds
1) No definite shape
2) High melting point
3) High polarity
ATOMS
The building blocks of matter, smallest particle of matter.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1) Contain carbon
2) Found in organisms
3) Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
TRIPLE BOND
Share three pairs of electrons
What is 96% of the human body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
COVALENT BONDS
Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons.
CHEMICAL BONDS
Are chemical substances being held together by the attraction of atoms to each other through sharing as well as exchanging, of electrons or electrostatic forces.
How does an ion become negative?
Accepting electrons
Ex. of Covalent Bonds
Methane, hydro chloric acid
WEIGHT
Is the gravitational force acting on an object.
MATTER
Anything that has mass and take up space (volume)
MASS
Is the amount of matter an object has. It is measured in grams.
CHEMICAL SYMBOL
Is a shorthand method of representing an element. It represent an element name with one or two letters.
Atoms are composed of particles called…..
1) PROTONS
2) NEUTRONS
3) ELECTRONS
Ionic bonds are formed by….
one or more electrons that are transferred from one atoms to another (not more than 3).
ELECTRONS
Negatively charged, found moving around the electron cloud or in orbitals.
COMPOUNDS
1) Made from 2 or more different element
2) Formed through chemical reaction
3) Smallest part is a molecule
Facts of covalent bonds
1) Definite shape
2) Low melting point
3) Low polarity
Ex. of Ionic Bonds
Sodium chloride, sulfuric acid
ELEMENTS FACTS
1) Found on Periodic Table
2) Smallest part is an atom
3) Pure substance
4) 92 found free in the environment
PROTONS
Positively charged, found in nucleus
Similar between compounds and elements….
1) Made of atoms
2) Essential for life
3) Found in nature
How does an ion become positive?
Giving away electrons
Similar between ionic and covalent bonds…
1) Both found in a type of acid
2) Both hold atoms together to form molecules
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1) Don’t contain carbon
2) water, salts and many acids and bases
What is an ELEMENT?
Is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom, defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
How does polarity result?
From the unequal sharing of valence electrons
DOUBLE BOND
Share two pairs of electrons
How are molecules formed?
Two or more atoms combine
