MACROMOLECULES UNIT 2 Flashcards
Polymer definition
Contains many monomers attached together.
DISACCHARIDES
- Lactose (Galactose & glucose)
- Maltose (Glucose bound to glucose)
- Surcrose (Fructose & Glucose)
SATURATED FATS
- Full of hydrogens
- Solid at room temperature
11 amino acids are…
Nonessential in diet
- body synthesizes these
MONO-
One
How is hemagoblin formed?
Proteins with a tertiary structure combine to form larger proteins
POLY-
Many
What elements make up proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
2 types of complex carbohydrates….
Aligosaccharides & Polyssacharides
MACRO-
Large
MICRO-
Small
CARBOHYDRATES FUNCTIONS
1) Main source of energy (for the brain)
2) Storage of energy (store glucose as glycogen)
3) For communication on cells
CARBOHYDRATES CALORIES
4 cal/gram
SECONDARY STRUCTURE is…
Parts of the chains fold to make one or 2
HELIX & PLEATED
SOURCES OF CARBOHYDRATES
- Grains
- Fruits & Vegetables
- Sugary Products
- Legumes
TERTIARY STRUCTURE
Folds into a 3-d shape
Shapes dictates function
CARBOHYDRATES FORMULA
C6 H12 O6
PROTEINS
Monomer?
Amino acids
POLYSACCHARIDES
Long chains & glycogen
How many amino acids are there?
20
Monomer of nucleic acids….
Nucleotides
MONOSACCHARIDES
- Glucose (blood sugar)
- Fructose (Fruit sugar)
- Galactose (Milk sugar)
Common fats found in the body
- Triglycerides (most common)
- Phospholipids (make up cell membrane)
- Steroids
- Wax
What is ATP?
Energy molecule used in the body.
MONOMER
The smallest unit of a macromolecule.
9 amino acids are….
Essential in diet
- body cannot make these
What are nucleic acids
It’s our genetic material
Where is glycogen stored in the body?
Muscles and liver
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
ALIGOSACCHARIDES
3 to 10 glucose molecules
Functions of Lipids
- Storage of energy.
- Part of cell membrane (phospholipids)
- Protection
- Insulation
- Hormones - steroids
2 types of simple carbohydrates…
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
4 Types of Protein Shapes
- Polypeptide
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
Tri-
Three
POLYPEPTIDE is…
Long chain of amino acids
UNSATURATED FATS
- Could add hydrogens
- Have at least 1 double bond between carbons
- liquid at room temperature
Mer-
Units/parts
What are proteins?
Long chains of amino acids
What are complex carbohydrates?
Chains of 3 or more glucose molecules
4 major macromolecules
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
Process that make proteins..
Translation - Makes proteins in the ribosome
Elements that make up lipids..
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are simple carbohydrates?
Single sugars or a chain of 2
RNA
- Single Helix
- Ribose
- A, G, C, U
- Takes instructions from DNA to outside of the nucleus
- In and outside the nucleus
Polymers Examples
DNA & RNA
2 Types of Lipids…
Saturated & Unsaturated Fats
Saccharide-
Sugar
DNA
- Double helix
- Deoxyribose
- T, A, G, C
- Blueprint for you
- Found in the nucleus
Di-
Two
PROTEIN FUNCTIONS
- Structural/Shape
- Transfer
- Communication
- Immunity
- Movement
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
Not all proteins
How are peptide bonds formed?
Formed between amino acids (covalent bond)