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Anatomy & Physiology > MACROMOLECULES UNIT 2 > Flashcards

MACROMOLECULES UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Polymer definition

A

Contains many monomers attached together.

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2
Q

DISACCHARIDES

A
  1. Lactose (Galactose & glucose)
  2. Maltose (Glucose bound to glucose)
  3. Surcrose (Fructose & Glucose)
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3
Q

SATURATED FATS

A
  • Full of hydrogens
  • Solid at room temperature
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4
Q

11 amino acids are…

A

Nonessential in diet
- body synthesizes these

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5
Q

MONO-

A

One

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6
Q

How is hemagoblin formed?

A

Proteins with a tertiary structure combine to form larger proteins

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7
Q

POLY-

A

Many

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8
Q

What elements make up proteins?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

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9
Q

2 types of complex carbohydrates….

A

Aligosaccharides & Polyssacharides

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10
Q

MACRO-

A

Large

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11
Q

MICRO-

A

Small

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12
Q

CARBOHYDRATES FUNCTIONS

A

1) Main source of energy (for the brain)
2) Storage of energy (store glucose as glycogen)
3) For communication on cells

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13
Q

CARBOHYDRATES CALORIES

A

4 cal/gram

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14
Q

SECONDARY STRUCTURE is…

A

Parts of the chains fold to make one or 2
HELIX & PLEATED

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15
Q

SOURCES OF CARBOHYDRATES

A
  1. Grains
  2. Fruits & Vegetables
  3. Sugary Products
  4. Legumes
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16
Q

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

A

Folds into a 3-d shape
Shapes dictates function

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17
Q

CARBOHYDRATES FORMULA

A

C6 H12 O6

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18
Q

PROTEINS
Monomer?

A

Amino acids

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19
Q

POLYSACCHARIDES

A

Long chains & glycogen

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20
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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21
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids….

A

Nucleotides

22
Q

MONOSACCHARIDES

A
  1. Glucose (blood sugar)
  2. Fructose (Fruit sugar)
  3. Galactose (Milk sugar)
23
Q

Common fats found in the body

A
  1. Triglycerides (most common)
  2. Phospholipids (make up cell membrane)
  3. Steroids
  4. Wax
24
Q

What is ATP?

A

Energy molecule used in the body.

25
Q

MONOMER

A

The smallest unit of a macromolecule.

26
Q

9 amino acids are….

A

Essential in diet
- body cannot make these

27
Q

What are nucleic acids

A

It’s our genetic material

28
Q

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

A

Muscles and liver

29
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

30
Q

ALIGOSACCHARIDES

A

3 to 10 glucose molecules

31
Q

Functions of Lipids

A
  1. Storage of energy.
  2. Part of cell membrane (phospholipids)
  3. Protection
  4. Insulation
  5. Hormones - steroids
32
Q

2 types of simple carbohydrates…

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

33
Q

4 Types of Protein Shapes

A
  1. Polypeptide
  2. Secondary Structure
  3. Tertiary Structure
  4. Quaternary Structure
34
Q

Tri-

A

Three

35
Q

POLYPEPTIDE is…

A

Long chain of amino acids

36
Q

UNSATURATED FATS

A
  • Could add hydrogens
  • Have at least 1 double bond between carbons
  • liquid at room temperature
37
Q

Mer-

A

Units/parts

38
Q

What are proteins?

A

Long chains of amino acids

39
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Chains of 3 or more glucose molecules

40
Q

4 major macromolecules

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Lipids
  4. Nucleic Acids
41
Q

Process that make proteins..

A

Translation - Makes proteins in the ribosome

42
Q

Elements that make up lipids..

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

43
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

Single sugars or a chain of 2

44
Q

RNA

A
  1. Single Helix
  2. Ribose
  3. A, G, C, U
  4. Takes instructions from DNA to outside of the nucleus
  5. In and outside the nucleus
45
Q

Polymers Examples

A

DNA & RNA

46
Q

2 Types of Lipids…

A

Saturated & Unsaturated Fats

47
Q

Saccharide-

A

Sugar

48
Q

DNA

A
  1. Double helix
  2. Deoxyribose
  3. T, A, G, C
  4. Blueprint for you
  5. Found in the nucleus
49
Q

Di-

A

Two

50
Q

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS

A
  1. Structural/Shape
  2. Transfer
  3. Communication
  4. Immunity
  5. Movement
51
Q

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

A

Not all proteins

52
Q

How are peptide bonds formed?

A

Formed between amino acids (covalent bond)

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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