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Medical 1 > Skeletal System Test > Flashcards

Skeletal System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Protection, support, movement, makes blood, storage

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2
Q

2 divisions of the skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

Bones in axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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4
Q

Bones in appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities-arms, legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

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5
Q

Bones in pectoral girdle

A

scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collar bone)

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6
Q

Bones in pelvic girdle

A

sacrum, pelvis, coccyx

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7
Q

4 ways of classifying bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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8
Q

3 examples of long bones

A

humerus, femur, fibula

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9
Q

3 examples of short bones

A

carpals, tarsals, patella

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10
Q

3 examples of flat bones

A

frontal bone, sternum, ilium

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11
Q

3 examples of irregular bones

A

vertebrae, coccyx, pubis

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12
Q

shaft or middle region of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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13
Q

end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

two minerals essential for bone formation

A

calcium, phosphorus

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15
Q

this kind of joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage (elbow, knee)

A

hinge joint

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16
Q

this joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction (hips and shoulders)

A

ball and socket joint

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17
Q

in this joint, bones slide past each other (hands, feet)

A

gliding joint

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18
Q

this kind of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement (thumb)

A

saddle joint

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19
Q

What is the difference between a fracture and a dislocation?

A

Fracture is a break in the bone

Dislocation is when a bone comes out of its joint

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20
Q

How is the spinal column divided?

A 
Cervical: C1-C7
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5
Coccygeal: coccyx
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21
Q

What is an intervertebral disk?

A

a pad of cartilage in between each vertebra

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22
Q

physician who treats bones and bone diseases

A

orthopedist/osteopath

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23
Q

a practitioner who manipulates the patient’s spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves

A

chiropractor

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24
Q

inflammation of the joints

A

arthritis

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25
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
arthritis that affects joint symmetrically (on both sides equally)
26
inflammation of the fluid filling sac surrounding the joint
bursitis
27
how does the bursa become inflamed?
injury, infection, underlying rheumatic condition
28
inflammation of the tendons
tendonitis
29
irritation of the median nerve that causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers
carpal tunnel syndrome
30
"porous bones". Condition in which bones have lost minerals (especially calcium) making them weaker, more brittle, and susceptible to fractures
osteoporosis
31
abnormal lateral curvature in the spine; effects girls more severely
scoliosis
32
abnormal posterior curvature of the spine; result of developmental problems, degenerative diseases
kyphosis
33
abnormal anterior curvature of the spine
lordosis
34
the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency
rickets
35
disease that occurs among adults and children who have chronic dietary vitamin C deficiency
scurvy (gross teeth)
36
disease that results from an overload of uric acid in the body that leads to the formation of tiny crystals of urate around joints
gout
37
condition that occurs when the body produces too much of the hormones that control growth
acromegaly
38
birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its covering
spina bifida
39
a deformity of the whole foot that it present at birth
talipes equinovarus- "clubfoot"
40
the most common type of bone cancer; commonly found in children
osteosarcoma
41
a cancer in which abnormal cells collect in the bone marrow and form tumors; occurs in many bones
myeloma
42
cancer of blood cells
leukemia
43
bones are composed of _____ tissue
connective
44
bone cells are called...
osteocytes
45
During fetal development, the bones of the fetus are composed of ____ _____
hyaline cartilege
46
immature bone cells
osteoplasts
47
bone formation
ossification
48
thickest and largest of the vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
49
smallest vertebrae
cervical
50
function of intervertebral disk
provide flexibility, prevent friction between each vertebra and absorb shocks to the vertebral column
51
2 main parts of the skull
cranium and the facial bones
52
only movable bone of the skull
mandible
53
another name for joint
articulation
54
a mold applies to fractures to immobilize the injured bone
cast
55
fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissue or breaking of the skin
simple/closed fracture
56
fracture in which a bone is sticking through the skin
compound/open fracture
57
a bone fracture in which one of the fragments is driven into another fragment
impacted fracture
58
a fracture of the bone in more than 2 fragments
comminuted fracture
59
a fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent
greenstick fracture
60
a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse
stress/hairline fracture
61
a fracture in which the bone is across a bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone
transverse fracture
62
a fracture in which the bone breaks diagonally
oblique fracture
63
how many phalanges are in each hand?
14
64
connective tissue attaches muscles to bones
tendon
65
connective tissue attaches bones to bones
ligament
66
excessive calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
67
incision of the cranium
craniotomy
68
pertaining to above the clavicle
supraclavicular
69
pertaining to the ribs
costal
70
surgical repair of a joint
arthroplasty
71
softening of cartilage
chondromalacia
72
condition of stiffening or immobility of a joint
ankylosis
73
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis

Medical 1 (10 decks)

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