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Medical 1 > Skeletal System Test > Flashcards

Skeletal System Test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Protection, support, movement, makes blood, storage

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2
Q

2 divisions of the skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

Bones in axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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4
Q

Bones in appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities-arms, legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

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5
Q

Bones in pectoral girdle

A

scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collar bone)

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6
Q

Bones in pelvic girdle

A

sacrum, pelvis, coccyx

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7
Q

4 ways of classifying bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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8
Q

3 examples of long bones

A

humerus, femur, fibula

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9
Q

3 examples of short bones

A

carpals, tarsals, patella

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10
Q

3 examples of flat bones

A

frontal bone, sternum, ilium

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11
Q

3 examples of irregular bones

A

vertebrae, coccyx, pubis

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12
Q

shaft or middle region of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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13
Q

end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

two minerals essential for bone formation

A

calcium, phosphorus

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15
Q

this kind of joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage (elbow, knee)

A

hinge joint

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16
Q

this joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction (hips and shoulders)

A

ball and socket joint

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17
Q

in this joint, bones slide past each other (hands, feet)

A

gliding joint

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18
Q

this kind of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement (thumb)

A

saddle joint

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19
Q

What is the difference between a fracture and a dislocation?

A

Fracture is a break in the bone

Dislocation is when a bone comes out of its joint

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20
Q

How is the spinal column divided?

A 
Cervical: C1-C7
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5
Coccygeal: coccyx
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21
Q

What is an intervertebral disk?

A

a pad of cartilage in between each vertebra

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22
Q

physician who treats bones and bone diseases

A

orthopedist/osteopath

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23
Q

a practitioner who manipulates the patient’s spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves

A

chiropractor

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24
Q

inflammation of the joints

A

arthritis

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25
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

arthritis that affects joint symmetrically (on both sides equally)

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26
Q

inflammation of the fluid filling sac surrounding the joint

A

bursitis

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27
Q

how does the bursa become inflamed?

A

injury, infection, underlying rheumatic condition

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28
Q

inflammation of the tendons

A

tendonitis

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29
Q

irritation of the median nerve that causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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30
Q

“porous bones”. Condition in which bones have lost minerals (especially calcium) making them weaker, more brittle, and susceptible to fractures

A

osteoporosis

31
Q

abnormal lateral curvature in the spine; effects girls more severely

A

scoliosis

32
Q

abnormal posterior curvature of the spine; result of developmental problems, degenerative diseases

A

kyphosis

33
Q

abnormal anterior curvature of the spine

A

lordosis

34
Q

the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets

35
Q

disease that occurs among adults and children who have chronic dietary vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy (gross teeth)

36
Q

disease that results from an overload of uric acid in the body that leads to the formation of tiny crystals of urate around joints

A

gout

37
Q

condition that occurs when the body produces too much of the hormones that control growth

A

acromegaly

38
Q

birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its covering

A

spina bifida

39
Q

a deformity of the whole foot that it present at birth

A

talipes equinovarus- “clubfoot”

40
Q

the most common type of bone cancer; commonly found in children

A

osteosarcoma

41
Q

a cancer in which abnormal cells collect in the bone marrow and form tumors; occurs in many bones

A

myeloma

42
Q

cancer of blood cells

A

leukemia

43
Q

bones are composed of _____ tissue

A

connective

44
Q

bone cells are called…

A

osteocytes

45
Q

During fetal development, the bones of the fetus are composed of ____ _____

A

hyaline cartilege

46
Q

immature bone cells

A

osteoplasts

47
Q

bone formation

A

ossification

48
Q

thickest and largest of the vertebrae

A

lumbar vertebrae

49
Q

smallest vertebrae

A

cervical

50
Q

function of intervertebral disk

A

provide flexibility, prevent friction between each vertebra and absorb shocks to the vertebral column

51
Q

2 main parts of the skull

A

cranium and the facial bones

52
Q

only movable bone of the skull

A

mandible

53
Q

another name for joint

A

articulation

54
Q

a mold applies to fractures to immobilize the injured bone

A

cast

55
Q

fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissue or breaking of the skin

A

simple/closed fracture

56
Q

fracture in which a bone is sticking through the skin

A

compound/open fracture

57
Q

a bone fracture in which one of the fragments is driven into another fragment

A

impacted fracture

58
Q

a fracture of the bone in more than 2 fragments

A

comminuted fracture

59
Q

a fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent

A

greenstick fracture

60
Q

a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse

A

stress/hairline fracture

61
Q

a fracture in which the bone is across a bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone

A

transverse fracture

62
Q

a fracture in which the bone breaks diagonally

A

oblique fracture

63
Q

how many phalanges are in each hand?

A

14

64
Q

connective tissue attaches muscles to bones

A

tendon

65
Q

connective tissue attaches bones to bones

A

ligament

66
Q

excessive calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

67
Q

incision of the cranium

A

craniotomy

68
Q

pertaining to above the clavicle

A

supraclavicular

69
Q

pertaining to the ribs

A

costal

70
Q

surgical repair of a joint

A

arthroplasty

71
Q

softening of cartilage

A

chondromalacia

72
Q

condition of stiffening or immobility of a joint

A

ankylosis

73
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

Medical 1 (10 decks)

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