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Medical 1 > Cardiovascular System Test > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 4 heart valves

A

Tricuspid
Bicuspid/mitral
Aortic
Pulmonary

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2
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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3
Q

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

A

between the left atrium and the left ventricle

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4
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

between the left ventricle and the aorta

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6
Q

Name the 4 heart chambers

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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7
Q

What kind of blood does the left atrium carry?

A

oxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide poor

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8
Q

What kind of blood does right atrium carry?

A

unoxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide rich

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9
Q

What kind of blood does the left ventricle carry?

A

oxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide poor

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10
Q

What kind of blood does the right ventricle carry?

A

unoxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide rich

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11
Q

Name the 3 major types of blood vessels

A

Capillaries, veins, arteries

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12
Q

What is the function of capillaries? What are its characteristics?

A

carry oxygenated blood from arteries to body cells and take unoxygenated blood to veins. Walls are only one cell thick

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13
Q

What is the function of veins? What are its characteristics?

A

carry unoxygenated blood into the heart. Thinner walls compared to arteries

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14
Q

What is the function of arteries? What are its characteristics?

A

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Large, thick walls that are elastic

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15
Q

This is the only artery that does not carry oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery. Carries unoxygenated blood to lungs to be oxygenated

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16
Q

This is the only vein that does not carry unoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary veins

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17
Q

Name the 3 membranes of the heart

A

Endocardium
Pericardium
Myocardium

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18
Q

This is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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19
Q

This is the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, composed of fibrous and serous layers. Outermost membrane

A

pericardium

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20
Q

This is the innermost layer of membranes of the heart

A

endocardium

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21
Q

Name the functions of the circulatory system

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Nutrition
  3. Immunity
  4. Thermoregulation
  5. Cellular Communication
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22
Q

Explain the conduction system of the heart

A
  1. First electrical impulse initiates at the SA Node (pacemaker)
  2. Current of electricity makes the walls of atria contract
  3. Wave passes to the AV Node
  4. AV Node delays wave to allow blood from atria to empty into the ventricles
  5. Wave moves to Bundle of His
  6. Divide into right & left bundle branch
  7. Purkinje fibers will contract ventricles
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23
Q

Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circulation

A

Pulmonary-circulation of blood through vessels from heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Systemic-pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart

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24
Q

What is the carotid artery and what is its function?

A

Major blood vessel in the neck which supplies blood to the brain, head, and face

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25
Q

What is an electrocardiogram?

A

record or display of a person’s heartbeat

26
Q

2 phases of the heartbeat

A

Systolic-contraction. aortic and pulmonary valves open

Diastolic-relaxation. tricuspid and mitral valves open

27
Q

What is a murmur?

A

improper closure of a heart valve

28
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the force blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

29
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

30
Q

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

A

sphygomanometer

31
Q

Instrument used to listen to internal sounds of the body

A

stethoscope

32
Q

What are arrhythmias? List the types

A

abnormal rhythms of the heart. Tachycardia, bradycardia, flutter, fibrillation

33
Q

slow heart beat

A

bradycardia

34
Q

fast heart beat

A

tachycardia

35
Q

rapid but irregular atrial or ventricular contractions

A

flutter

36
Q

rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart

A

fibrillation

37
Q

most common type of arrhythmia. fibrillation of the atria that causes improper blood flow to the ventricles

A

atrial fibrillation

38
Q

most serious type of arrhythmia. lower chambers shiver and the heart does not pump any blood

A

ventricular fibrillation

39
Q

congenital malformation involving four separate heart defects

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

40
Q

congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart

A

coarctation of the aorta

41
Q

defect in the walls between chambers (usually holes in the wall)

A

septal defects

42
Q

high blood pressure affecting the heart

A

hypertensive heart disease (hypertension)

43
Q

blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart leading to ischemis

A

coronary artery disease

44
Q

inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood

A

congestive heart failure

45
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

46
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

47
Q

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

A

pericarditis

48
Q

widening of a blood vessel

A

aneurysm

49
Q

What is the difference between arterioslcerosis and artherosclerosis?

A

Arterioslcerosis is the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
Artherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.

50
Q

inadequate supply of blood to an organ, especially the heart

A

ischemia

51
Q

surgical repair of a valve

A

valvuloplasty

52
Q

record of blood vessel

A

angiogram

53
Q

surgical repair of a blood vessel

A

angioplasty

54
Q

abnormal condition of tissue death

A

necrosis

55
Q

enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

56
Q

deficiency of oxygen

A

hypoxia

57
Q

disease of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

58
Q

smallest blood vessel

A

capillary

59
Q

small vein

A

venule

60
Q

small artery

A

arteriole

61
Q

listening with a stethoscope

A

ausculation

62
Q

clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel

A

emboli

Medical 1 (10 decks)

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