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Medical 1 > Muscle System Test > Flashcards

Muscle System Test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers that are held together by connective tissue

A

muscle

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2
Q

how are muscles attached to the bones?

A

tendons

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3
Q

What is the most obvious function of the muscular system?

A

move the skeleton

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4
Q

Which organ system transports oxygen to the muscles and takes carbon dioxide away?

A

circulatory system

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5
Q

What is another name for muscle fiber?

A

muscle cell/ myofiber

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6
Q

When muscles contracts, they _____

A

shorten

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7
Q

What are tendons made of?

A

strong, tough connective tissue cord

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8
Q

Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers a muscle is called…

A

fascia

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9
Q

Stationary point of attachment of a muscle

A

origin

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10
Q

Moveable point of attachment of a muscle

A

insertion

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11
Q

When a muscle contracts, it shortens and ____ a bone.

A

pulls

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12
Q

Antagonist muscles have _____ functions

A

opposite

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13
Q

What is a muscle called if it functions without conscious thought?

A

involuntary

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14
Q

What is the part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement?

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

state of partially contraction

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16
Q

The intercostals muscles are important for…

A

breathing

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17
Q

To decrease the angle of a joint is called…

A

flextion

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18
Q

What is muscle sense?

A

the conscious or unconscious awareness of where the muscles and their degrees of contraction without having to look at them

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19
Q

The movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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20
Q

the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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21
Q

name 3 sources of energy for muscle contraction, in order they are used

A

ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen

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22
Q

most abundant of the 3 energy sources

A

glycogen

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23
Q

What produces more ATP for muscle contraction?

A

increased cell respiration

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24
Q

what part of the brain regulates muscle tone?

A

cerebellum

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25
Q

muscle tone is the state of ____ contraction

A

slight

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26
Q

good muscle tone improves ____ and helps maintain _____

A

coordination - posture

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27
Q

why is good muscle tone important?

A

prevents injuries, muscle atrophy, and paralysis

28
Q

what are the contracting proteins within a muscle fiber>

A

hemoglobin and myoglobin

29
Q

what is the organ system that forms a framework with movable joints that are moved by muscles?

A

Skeletal system

30
Q

synergistic muscles have ____ functions

A

the same

31
Q

what is it called when the angle of a joint is decreased?

A

flextion

32
Q

what type of muscle is voluntary?

A

skeletal muscle

33
Q

which type of muscle does not have striations?

A

smooth

34
Q

found between the ribs and aids with breathing

A

intercostal muscles

35
Q

broad fan shapes muscle on both sides of the head, encircling above the ears

A

temporalis

36
Q

triangular shapes muscle on the outer part of the shoulder

A

deltoid

37
Q

muscles on the front of the abdominal area which activates while doing crunches

A

rectus abdominus

38
Q

large muscle behind the posterior upper arm which extends the lower arm

A

triceps brachii

39
Q

muscles found bilaterally on both sides of the neck which help to rotate, flew, and extend the head and neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

40
Q

a facial muscle which helps in mastication, it is connected to the mandible and cheekbone (side of the face)

A

masseter

41
Q

encircles the mouth and helps to control movement of the mouth and lips

A

orbicularis oris

42
Q

surrounds or encircles the eyes and helps to close the eyelid and drain tears

A

orbicularis oculi

43
Q

muscle behind the back of the head, helps to move the scalp back

A

trapezius

44
Q

muscle located on the forehead, helps tp move the scale forward and back

A

frontalis

45
Q

one of the largest or broadest muscle located on the posterior lower back

A

lattimus dorsi

46
Q

muscle located on the chest area

A

pectoralis major

47
Q

muscles located on the buttocks

A

gluteous maximus

48
Q

the largest of the two major muscles of the calf

A

gastrocnemius

49
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of many muscles

50
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

51
Q

amyotrophic

A

pertaining to no muscle development

52
Q

sarcopenia

A

scrum deficiency

53
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to heart muscle

54
Q

fasciectomy

A

removal of fascia

55
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendons

56
Q

fribromyalgia

A

fiber muscle pain

57
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

painful muscle development

58
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

tumor of sacrum smooth muscle

59
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumor of skeletal muscle connected to bones

60
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm down

61
Q

supination

A

turning the palm up

62
Q

rotation

A

circular motion around an axis

63
Q

circumduction

A

moving in a circle at a joint; moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary

64
Q

dorsi flextion

A

movement of turning the foot back toward your body

65
Q

plantar flextion

A

movement of turning your foot down towards the floor

Medical 1 (10 decks)

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