Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

The study of the structure of any living organism

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

The study of the functions of the structure or parts of any living organism

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

What are the 5 levels of organization of the body?

Answer 3

1. Chemical level
2. Cell level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ System level

Question 4

The ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

An _____ is a substance made of only one type of atom. Therefore, an _____ is the smallest part of an ______

Answer 5

element - atom - element

Question 6

What element does Cu stand for?

Answer 6

copper

Question 7

What element does Fe stand for?

Answer 7

Iron

Question 8

What element does Ca stand for?

Answer 8

calcium

Question 9

What element does N stand for?

Answer 9

nitrogen

Question 10

What element does O stand for?

Answer 10

oxygen

Question 11

What element does K stand for?

Answer 11

Potassium

Question 12

What element does H stand for?

Answer 12

hydrogen

Question 13

What element does Ci stand for?

Answer 13

chlorine

Question 14

What element does Mg stand for?

Answer 14

magnesium

Question 15

What element does Na stand for?

Answer 15

sodium

Question 16

What element does P stand for?

Answer 16

phosphorus

Question 17

What element does C stand for?

Answer 17

carbon

Question 18

What element does I stand for?

Answer 18

iodine

Question 19

What element does Zn stand for?

Answer 19

zinc

Question 20

The most abundant compound in the human body

Answer 20

water

Question 21

Water is a _____; many substances can dissolve in water

Answer 21

solvent

Question 22

Water is a ______; it prevents friction where surfaces meet and move

Answer 22

lubricant

Question 23

Water changes ______ slowly; water has a high specific heat capacity

Answer 23

temperature

Question 24

Water within cells

Answer 24

intracellular fluid

Question 25

Water found in blood vessels

Answer 25

plasma

Question 26

Water found in lymphatic vessels

Answer 26

lymph

Question 27

Water found in between cells

Answer 27

tissue fluid

Question 28

_______ _____ is the name for energy production within cells and it involves both respiratory gases, which are _____ and ___ _____

Answer 28

Cellular respiration - oxygen - carbon dioxide

Question 29

Primary function is to serve as sources of energy

Answer 29

Carbohydrates

Question 30

True fats, phospholipids, and steriods

Answer 30

Lipids

Question 31

Enzymes and hormones

Answer 31

Proteins

Question 32

Human cells vary in....

Answer 32

size, shape, and function

Question 33

The ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes

Answer 33

homeostasis

Question 34

Smallest living subunits of a multi-cellular organism

Answer 34

cell

Question 35

Human cells have several similar structural features, which are...

Answer 35

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus

Question 36

What 4 elements make up 96% of the mass of the human body?

Answer 36

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 37

The body is composed of 2 substances:

Answer 37

energy, matter

Question 38

The ability for chemical systems to do work or carry out some type of change

Answer 38

energy

Question 39

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 39

matter

Question 40

The energy that is produced from chemical reactions in the body that is stored in a small organic molecule called...

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Answer 41

Diffusion

Question 42

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 42

Osmosis

Question 43

Necessary for the growth and repair of tissues

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

Necessary to produce egg or sperm cells

Answer 44

Meiosis

Question 45

A substance that dissolves other chemicals

Answer 45

Solvent

Question 46

A uniform mixture of substances dissolved in a liquid

Answer 46

Solution

Question 47

Any particle that dissolves in a solvent

Answer 47

Solute

Question 48

Refers to an environment with a lesser quantity of a particular molecule than exists in a cell

Answer 48

Hypotonic

Question 49

Refers to an environment with a greater quantity of a particular molecule than exists in a cell

Answer 49

Hypertonic

Question 50

Refers to an environment with an equal quantity of a particular molecule in the solution and the cell

Answer 50

Isotonic

Question 51

Water containing large amounts of hydrogen ions and fall within a pH range of 0 to 6

Answer 51

Acid

Question 52

Water with a low concentration of hydrogen ions

Answer 52

Base

Question 53

Functional protein

Answer 53

Enzyme

Question 54

Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

Answer 54

Molecule

Question 55

A passive transport in which particles are removed from water by passage through a porous membrane

Answer 55

Filtration

Question 56

Smallest portion of an element that still retains its properties

Answer 56

Atom

Question 57

Material that has mass and occupies space

Answer 57

Matter

Question 58

The extraction of energy from the chemical breakdown of stored food molecules

Answer 58

Cellular respiration

Question 59

Asexual division

Answer 59

Mitosis

Question 60

Sexual division

Answer 60

Meiosis