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Medical 1 > Chapter 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the structure of any living organism

A

anatomy

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2
Q

The study of the functions of the structure or parts of any living organism

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What are the 5 levels of organization of the body?

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cell level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ System level
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4
Q

The ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes

A

homeostasis

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5
Q

An _____ is a substance made of only one type of atom. Therefore, an _____ is the smallest part of an ______

A

element - atom - element

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6
Q

What element does Cu stand for?

A

copper

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7
Q

What element does Fe stand for?

A

Iron

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8
Q

What element does Ca stand for?

A

calcium

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9
Q

What element does N stand for?

A

nitrogen

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10
Q

What element does O stand for?

A

oxygen

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11
Q

What element does K stand for?

A

Potassium

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12
Q

What element does H stand for?

A

hydrogen

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13
Q

What element does Ci stand for?

A

chlorine

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14
Q

What element does Mg stand for?

A

magnesium

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15
Q

What element does Na stand for?

A

sodium

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16
Q

What element does P stand for?

A

phosphorus

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17
Q

What element does C stand for?

A

carbon

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18
Q

What element does I stand for?

A

iodine

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19
Q

What element does Zn stand for?

A

zinc

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20
Q

The most abundant compound in the human body

A

water

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21
Q

Water is a _____; many substances can dissolve in water

A

solvent

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22
Q

Water is a ______; it prevents friction where surfaces meet and move

A

lubricant

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23
Q

Water changes ______ slowly; water has a high specific heat capacity

A

temperature

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24
Q

Water within cells

A

intracellular fluid

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25
Q

Water found in blood vessels

A

plasma

26
Q

Water found in lymphatic vessels

A

lymph

27
Q

Water found in between cells

A

tissue fluid

28
Q

_______ _____ is the name for energy production within cells and it involves both respiratory gases, which are _____ and ___ _____

A

Cellular respiration - oxygen - carbon dioxide

29
Q

Primary function is to serve as sources of energy

A

Carbohydrates

30
Q

True fats, phospholipids, and steriods

A

Lipids

31
Q

Enzymes and hormones

A

Proteins

32
Q

Human cells vary in….

A

size, shape, and function

33
Q

The ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes

A

homeostasis

34
Q

Smallest living subunits of a multi-cellular organism

A

cell

35
Q

Human cells have several similar structural features, which are…

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus

36
Q

What 4 elements make up 96% of the mass of the human body?

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

37
Q

The body is composed of 2 substances:

A

energy, matter

38
Q

The ability for chemical systems to do work or carry out some type of change

A

energy

39
Q

Anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

40
Q

The energy that is produced from chemical reactions in the body that is stored in a small organic molecule called…

A

ATP

41
Q

The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

A

Diffusion

42
Q

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

43
Q

Necessary for the growth and repair of tissues

A

Mitosis

44
Q

Necessary to produce egg or sperm cells

A

Meiosis

45
Q

A substance that dissolves other chemicals

A

Solvent

46
Q

A uniform mixture of substances dissolved in a liquid

A

Solution

47
Q

Any particle that dissolves in a solvent

A

Solute

48
Q

Refers to an environment with a lesser quantity of a particular molecule than exists in a cell

A

Hypotonic

49
Q

Refers to an environment with a greater quantity of a particular molecule than exists in a cell

A

Hypertonic

50
Q

Refers to an environment with an equal quantity of a particular molecule in the solution and the cell

A

Isotonic

51
Q

Water containing large amounts of hydrogen ions and fall within a pH range of 0 to 6

A

Acid

52
Q

Water with a low concentration of hydrogen ions

A

Base

53
Q

Functional protein

A

Enzyme

54
Q

Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

A

Molecule

55
Q

A passive transport in which particles are removed from water by passage through a porous membrane

A

Filtration

56
Q

Smallest portion of an element that still retains its properties

A

Atom

57
Q

Material that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

58
Q

The extraction of energy from the chemical breakdown of stored food molecules

A

Cellular respiration

59
Q

Asexual division

A

Mitosis

60
Q

Sexual division

A

Meiosis

Medical 1 (10 decks)

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