Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
study of the structure of any living thing
A
anatomy
2
Q
study of the function of the parts of living organisms
A
physiology
3
Q
spaces withing the body that contain vital organs
A
body cavities
4
Q
organs in the cranial cavity
A
brain
5
Q
organs in the thoracic cavity
A
heart, lungs
6
Q
organs in the spinal cavity
A
spine
7
Q
organs in the pelvic cavity
A
reproductive organs, urinary organs, part of the large intestine
8
Q
organs in the abdominal cavity
A
liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen, colon, stomach, pancreas, appendix, gall bladder
9
Q
frontal plane
A
a longitude plane dividing the body or its parts into front and back halves or parts
10
Q
sagittal plane
A
a longitude plane diving the head and torso into left and right parts
11
Q
mid-sagittal plane
A
midline longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right halves
12
Q
transverse plane
A
divides body into upper and lower parts or halves
13
Q
structure more in front than another structure
A
ventral/anterior
14
Q
structure more in back than another structure
A
dorsal/posterior
15
Q
structure further away from the surface
A
deep
16
Q
structure close to the surface
A
superficial
17
Q
(only limbs) being closer to median plane or root of the limb
A
proximal
18
Q
(only limbs) being further away from median plane or root of the limb
A
distal
19
Q
structure being close to feet or lower body parts
A
inferior
20
Q
structure being close to head or higher body part
A
superior
21
Q
being closer to median plane
A
medial
22
Q
being further away from median
A
lateral
23
Q
patient flat on back
A
supine
24
Q
patient face down
A
prone
25
How many sections is the abdominal cavity divided into?
9 regions, 4 quadrants
26
what is lithotomy position used for?
pelvic exams in females, rectal exams, childbirth
27
what is prone position used for?
examination of posterior body surfaces
28
what is sim's position used for?
colonoscopy, enemas, rectal suppositories
29
what is trendelenburg position used for?
prevent and treat shock
30
what is supine position used for?
exams of anterior body surfaces, breast exams
31
what is sitting position used for?
listening (auscultation) of heart and lungs; taking blood pressure
32
what is fowler's position used for?
promote respiration in patients who have shortness of breath
33
what is homeostasis? give examples
ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes. body temperature-shiver when cold, sweat when hot
34
most abundant compound in the human body
water
35
water found in blood vessels
plasma
36
water found in lymphatic vessels
lymph
37
water within cells
intracellular fluid
38
water found between cells
tissue fluid
39
Fe
iron
40
Ca
calcium
41
O
oxygen
42
H
hydrogen
43
Na
sodium
44
Mg
magnesium
45
Cl
chlorine
46
K
potassium
47
complementary base pairing of DNA
adenine + thymine
| guanine + cytosine
48
which nucleic acid molecule makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell and make up the genetic code for hereditary characteristics?
DNA
49
3 major parts of a cell
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
50
control center of the cell
nucleus
51
in _____ the cells produces are needed for the growth and repair of tissues
mitosis
52
in _____ the cells produced are egg or sperm cells
meiosis
53
movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
diffusion
54
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
55
outer membrane of cell controls in and out movement
cell membrane
56
directs cell organelle activity; separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane; contains genetic material
nucleus
57
surrounds nucleus; allow materials to enter and leave the nucleus; 2 layers
nuclear membrane
58
found in nucleus; made of DNA; genes in these contain instructions for traits and characteristics
chromosomes
59
inside nucleus; helps synthesize RNA that form rbosomes
nucleolus
60
gel like substance inside cell membrane; helps the cell to thrive and function
cytoplasm
61
lacks ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and phospholipids
smooth ER
62
ribosomes embedded in surface; synthesize proteins
rough ER
63
make proteins and produce substances needed for cell repair and reproduction
ribosomes
64
power plant of cell; controls level of water
mitochondria
65
receive proteins from rough ER; help move materials within and out of cell
Golgi bodies
66
contain powerful enzymes that clean up intracellular debris and waste
lysosomes
67
3 parts of the cell theory
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the smallest working unit of all living things
3. All cells come from preexisting cells though cell division
68
smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions
cell
69
an environment with an equal amount of a particular molecule in the solution and in the cell
isotonic
70
an environment with a lesser quantity of a particular molecule than in the cell
hypotonic
71
an environment with greater quantity of a particular molecule than exists in a cell
hypertonic
72
a group of cells with a similar structure and function
tissues
73
difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
endocrine-no ducts; release into blood stream
| exocrine- ducts
74
2 examples of endocrine glands
thyroid glands; pituitary glands
75
2 examples of exocrine glands
sudoriferous glands; subaceous glands
76
type of tissue that lines and covers surfaces
epithelial tissue
77
type of tissue that protects, supports, and binds together
connective tissue
78
type of tissue that produces movement
muscle tissue
79
type of tissue that receives stimuli and conducts impulses
nerve tissue
80
3 main types of muscle tissue. voluntary or involuntary?
1. Cardiac-involuntary
2. Skeletal-voluntary
3. Smooth (visceral)-involuntary
81
levels of organization from simplest to most complex
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
82
2 types of sudoriferous glands and their location
apocrine- armpits, genital area
| eccine- all over body
83
function of sebaceous glands
secrete oily liquid into hair follicles or onto surface of skin
84
name of oil secreted by the sebaceous glands
sebum
85
5 layers of epidermis
1. stratum corneum
2. stratum lucidum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum spinosum
5. stratum germinativum
86
where does mitosis take place?
stratum germinativum
87
3 main layers of the skin
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
88
name the burn- superficial, epidermis lesions
1st degree
89
name the burn- epidermis + upper dermis, blisters, hyperesthesia, erythema
2nd degree
90
name the burn- epidermis + entire dermis, charred and white tissue, nerves destroyed, skin grafting needed
3rd degree
91
loss of pigment in the skin
vitiligo
92
most severe type of skin cancer
melanoma
93
inflammatory skin disease with erythematous
dermititis
94
inflammation of the tendons
tendonitis
95
necrosis of skin tissue resulting from ischemia
gangrene
96
pain of many muscles
polymyalgia
97
pertaining to below the stomach
hypogastric
98
pertaining to under the skin
subcutenaous
99
condition of no development
atrophy
100
condition of a slow heart
bradycardia
101
abnormal condition of death
necrosis
102
abnormal condition of no sweat
anhidrosis
103
removal of fascia
fasciectomy
104
joint pain
arthralgia
105
removal of wrinkles
rhytidectomy
106
surrounding heart tissue
pericardium
107
discharge of sebum
seborrhea
108
surgical removal of skin
dermatoplasty
109
-rrhea
flow; discharge
110
-megaly
enlargement
111
-emia
blood condition
