Integumentary System Test Flashcards by Amelia Glas

what is the largest organ in your body?

skin

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list five functions of the skin

protects from infectious organisms and harmful rays, converts light to vitamin D, helps control the body’s temperature, eliminates wastes, and detects pressure, pain, and temperature

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outermost layer of skin

epidermis

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name of the layer of the epidermis where cells germinate

stratum germinativum

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3 structures found in the dermis

blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles

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what are sebaceous glands?

oil glands

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oil secreted by sebaceous glands and its function

sebum; keeps skin soft and hair from drying and becoming brittle

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name of the muscle responsible for goosebumps

arrector pili

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medical name for sweat glands

suboriferous glands

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what do sweat glands look like? where are they located?

coiled tubes. located in palms, soles, forehead, and armpits

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how do suboriferous glands work?

originate in subcutaneous tissue,, passed through dermis, and opens as a pore in the epidermis

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base of the nail

nail root

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why is the nail bed pink?

because of the blood located in the capillaries under them

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visible part of the nail

nail body

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how fast do fingernails grow?

1 millimeter a week

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fat cell

adipocyte

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half moon shaped white area at the base of a nail

lunula

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structural protein found in skin and connective tissue

collagen

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black pigment found in the epidermis

melanin

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deepest region of the epidermis

basal layer (stratum germinatium)

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outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

stratum corneum

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oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

sebum

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middle layer of the skin; true layer

dermis

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hard, protein material found in epidermis, hair, and nails

keratin

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outermost layer of skin

epidermis

profuse sweating

diaphoro

excessive secretion from sebaceous glands

seborrheic

burning sensation in skin

causalgia

flat, scale-like cells

squamous epithelium

oil producing organ

sebaceous gland

pigment deficiency of the skin

albinism

contains lipocytes

subcutaneous tissue

connective tissue protein

collagen

connective tissue layer of skin

dermis

melanocyte

contains dark pigment

erythema

redness of skin

dermatoplasty

surgical repair of the skin

subcutaneous

pertaining to under the skin

anhidrosis

abnormal condition of lack of sweat

epidermolysis

loosening of the epidermis

rhytidectomy

removal of wrinkles

alopecia

baldness

pruritus

itching

petechiae

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

malignant neoplasm originating in scale-like cells of the epidermis

squamous cell carcinoma

buildup of sebum and keratin in pores of the skin leading to papular and pustular eruptions

acne vulgaris

chronic disease marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue in the skin

scleroderma

bedsore

decubitus ulcer

necrosis of skin tissue resulting from ischemia

gangrene

chronic or acute inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, pustular, or papular lesions

eczema

widespread inflammatory disease of the joints and collagen of the skin with "butterfly" rash on the face

systemic lupus erythematosus

cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes

malignant melanoma

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by silvery-gray scales covering red patches on the skin

psoriasis

malignant neoplasm originating in the basal layer of the epidermis

basal cell carcinoma

causalgia

burning pain

myalgia

pain in the muscles or muscle pain

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

arthritis

inflammation of the joints

adipose

full of fat; pertaining to fat

dermatoplasty

surgical repair of the skin

erythema

condition of being flushed/ having redness

erythrocyte

red cell

albinism

condition of white skin (no pigment)

subcutanous

pertaining to below the skin

sublingual

pertaining to below the tongue

epidermis

pertaining to above the skin/ on the skin

diaphoresis

condition of profuse sweating

anhidrosis

abnormal condition of no sweat

pyuria

urination of pus

pyoderma

pus in the skin

seborrhea

flow of sebum; discharge of sebum

trichomycosis

abnormal condition of hair fungus

Two major components of the Integumentary System are:

``` cutaneous membrane (skin) accessory structures ```

3 main layers of the skin:

epidermis-layers of stratified squamous dermis-connective tissue subcutaneous-formation of fat

Accessory structure of the Integumentary System:

hair, nails, multicellular exocrine glands

Function of skin:

``` Protection-abrasion, dehydration Excretion-salts, water, wastes Maintenance-body temperature Formation-vitamin D Storage-lipids Detection-pressure, pain, temperature ```

5 layers pf epidermis

1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum Lucidum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Spinosum 5. Stratum Germativium

Two types of skin pigment

carotene and melanin

this skin pigment protects our skin from damaging effects of ultraviolet rays

melanin

condition of reduces blood supply

cyanosis

the rupture of dermal blood vessels

contusion

What is necrosis?

lack of circulation that destroys epidermal cells

Vitiligo is also know as ____. It is the loss of pigment in the skin

leukoderma

elevated blood level of bilirubin

jaundice

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous; can occur on neck, face, elbows. and knees

dermatitis

these cells are predominant in the subcutaneous tissue

lipocyte

function of subcutaneous layer

protect deeper tissue of the body as a heat insulator for energy storage

forces hairs to stand erect

arrector pili muscle

anchors the hair into the skin

hair root

portion of the hair we see

hair shaft

ABCD when recognizing skin cancer

A-asymmetrical B-border irregularity C-color D-diameter

3 types of skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma

Most sever skin cancer

melanoma

3 types of burns

1st degree-superficial, epidermis lesions 2nd degree-epidermis and dermis, blisters, hyperesthesia, erythema 3rd degree-epidermis and entire dermis, charred and white tissue, nerves destroyed, skin grafting needed

what is the rules of nine?

- used to estimate the extent of burns, volume of fluid lost can be estimated - divides body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of total body area (genitals 1%) - needed to save the patients loss of fluid which leads to dehydration and imbalances