Skeletal System Part 2

Question 1

What are the two types of connective tissue in the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Cartilage and bone

Question 2

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 2

Reduces friction between bones and acts as a shock absorber

Question 3

What type of cartilage is found in joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton?

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

What is the metaphysis in a mature bone?

Answer 4

The region where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet

Question 5

In growing bones, what is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 5

A layer of hyaline cartilage where bone growth in length occurs

Question 6

What is the periosteum?

Answer 6

A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue covering the bone surface not covered by articular cartilage

Question 7

What does the medullary cavity contain in adults?

Answer 7

Fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 8

What is osteoid?

Answer 8

The bone matrix composed of mineral salts, collagen fibers, and water

Question 9

What are the four types of bone cells?

Answer 9

• Osteoprogenitor cells * Osteoblasts * Osteocytes * Osteoclasts

Question 10

What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

Answer 10

To build bone by synthesizing and secreting collagen and other components

Question 11

What is the role of osteocytes?

Answer 11

Mature osteoblasts that facilitate communication and nutrient exchange between bone cells

Question 12

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 12

To break down the underlying bone matrix in a process called reabsorption

Question 13

True or False: Compact bone contains osteons.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the difference between compact bone and cancellous bone?

Answer 14

Compact bone has few spaces and is denser, while cancellous bone has an irregular latticework and contains trabeculae

Question 15

What are Haversian canals?

Answer 15

Central canals within osteons that contain blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 16

To store fat

Question 17

What is ossification?

Answer 17

The process of bone formation

Question 18

What are the two methods of ossification?

Answer 18

• Intramembranous ossification * Endochondral ossification

Question 19

What is intramembranous ossification?

Answer 19

Bone forms directly on or within fibrous membranes

Question 20

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 20

Replacement of cartilage by bone

Question 21

What is the role of calcitonin in ossification?

Answer 21

Regulates metabolism of calcium during bone formation

Question 22

What are fontanels?

Answer 22

Soft spots in an infant’s skull where bones don’t completely ossify

Question 23

What is the primary ossification center in long bones?

Answer 23

The diaphysis

Question 24

What happens to the epiphyseal plate in adult bones?

Answer 24

It becomes the epiphyseal line

Question 25

What is bone remodeling?

Answer 25

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue

Question 26

What are the effects of radiation on bone?

Answer 26

• Reduced bone growth * Osteopenia * Increased fracture risk

Question 27

What is osteopenia?

Answer 27

A deficiency in bone density

Question 28

What does the term ‘haemopoiesis’ refer to?

Answer 28

The production of blood cells

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The central canals contain _______.

Answer 29

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 30

What are the potential complications of radiation therapy on bones?

Answer 30

• Insufficiency fractures * Growth arrest * Malignancy

Question 31

What is a common condition resulting from bone marrow suppression?

Answer 31

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia

Question 32

What is the primary function of the endosteum?

Answer 32

Lines the medullary cavity and contains bone-forming cells