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Anatomy > Anatomical Positions > Flashcards

Anatomical Positions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

The body is facing forward in a standing position with eyes looking straight, arms at the sides with palms facing forwards, feet parallel pointing forwards, and legs fully extended.

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2
Q

What does ‘anterior’ mean?

A

Towards the front.

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3
Q

What does ‘posterior’ mean?

A

Towards the back.

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4
Q

What does ‘superior’ mean?

A

Towards the head.

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5
Q

What does ‘inferior’ mean?

A

Towards the feet.

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6
Q

What does ‘medial’ mean?

A

Towards the median plane (near the middle of the body).

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7
Q

What does ‘lateral’ mean?

A

Away from the median plane (away from the middle of the body).

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8
Q

What does ‘proximal’ mean?

A

Towards the axial skeleton.

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9
Q

What does ‘distal’ mean?

A

Away from the axial skeleton.

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10
Q

What does ‘superficial’ mean?

A

Towards the external body surface.

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11
Q

What does ‘deep’ mean?

A

Away from the body surface towards the inner body.

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12
Q

What is the transverse (axial) plane?

A

The horizontal plane of the body, perpendicular to both frontal and median planes.

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13
Q

What is the coronal (frontal) plane?

A

A vertical plane at right angles to the median plane.

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14
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

A plane that divides the body into left and right.

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15
Q

What is the median (mid-sagittal) plane?

A

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

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16
Q

What is the parasagittal plane?

A

Any plane parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal right and left parts.

17
Q

What are the cranial cavity and its contents?

A

Bound by the skull; contains the brain and meninges.

18
Q

What does the vertebral canal (spinal cavity) contain?

A

Contains the spinal cord and nerve roots.

19
Q

What are the components of the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

20
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen divided by?

A

Two mid-clavicular lines and two horizontal lines (transpyloric and transtubercular lines).

21
Q

What does the transpyloric line pass through?

A

The pylorus (where the oesophagus joins the stomach).

22
Q

What does the transtubercular line pass through?

A

The tuberosities of the iliac crests at L5.

23
Q

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

A
  • Right upper quadrant
  • Left upper quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
24
Q

What is the supine position?

A

Lying on the back.

25
Q

What is the prone position?

A

Lying on the stomach.

26
Q

What does ‘adducted’ mean in terms of arm positioning?

A

Arms positioned by the sides.

27
Q

What does ‘abducted’ mean in terms of arm positioning?

A

Arms positioned away from the sides, often above the head.

28
Q

What is the importance of accurate patient positioning in radiotherapy?

A

To recreate the position correctly for each treatment and deliver radiation to the correct place.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.

A

Median (mid-sagittal)

30
Q

True or False: The dorsal cavity contains the brain.

A

True

31
Q

What are the two types of body movements described?

A
  • Away from the central line of the body
  • Towards the central line of the body
32
Q

What is the correct orientation for viewing transverse/axial images?

A

Looking from the patient’s feet.

33
Q

What are the clues for orientating a sagittal image?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Right
  • Left
  • Superior (head)
  • Inferior (feet)
34
Q

What does ‘inferior’ describe in terms of patient alignment?

A

Position below another part of the body.

35
Q

What is the significance of tattoos in radiotherapy?

A

They are used as reference marks for accurate treatment positioning.

Anatomy (8 decks)

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