Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage/homeostasis
- Blood cell production
- Lipid storage
Define the axial skeleton
Comprised of the bones that lie around the central axis of the skeleton, including the skull, ossicles, hyoid bone, rib cage, sternum, and vertebral column.
Define the appendicular skeleton
Bones of the free appendages, including the pectoral girdle, arms and forearms, hands, pelvis, thighs and legs, and feet and ankles.
Describe the basic structure of a typical vertebra
Includes a vertebral body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse processes, and articular processes.
Classify a bone by its shape
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
What are true ribs?
Superior 1-7 ribs that attach to the sternum via cartilage.
What are false ribs?
Inferior 8, 9, and 10 ribs that do not directly attach to the sternum.
What are floating ribs?
Inferior 11 and 12 ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all.
How many cranial bones are there?
Eight cranial bones: 1 frontal, 2 parietal, 1 occipital, 2 temporal, 1 sphenoid, and 1 ethmoid.
How many facial bones are there?
Fourteen facial bones: 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 palatine bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 nasal bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer, and 1 mandible.
What are the major regions of the vertebral column?
- Cervical (7)
- Thoracic (12)
- Lumbar (5)
- Sacrum (5 fused)
- Coccygeal (1)
True or False: The lumbar vertebrae have a large and kidney-shaped body.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a pointed bony prominence or projection.
[Process]
What is a tuberosity?
A large rounded projection that may be roughened.
What is the definition of a fossa?
A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface.
