Skeletal System and Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four tissue types in the body?

A

Epitheleal Muscle Nervous Connective

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2
Q

What are the major connective tissues?

A

Bone, blood, fat, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

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3
Q

True or False: blood is a connective tissue

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: fat is a connective tissue

A

True

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5
Q

Cells that make the protein collagen

A

Chondrocytes

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6
Q

True or False: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is found predominantly in the extracellular matrix

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Connect Bone to Bone

A

Ligament

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8
Q

Connect muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a connective tissue: Muscle Blood Ligament Adipose

A

Muscle is not a connective tissue

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10
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, ribs, and spine, houses CNS

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11
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Appendages

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12
Q

True or False: the epiphyseal plate is between the diaphysis and epiphysis

A

true

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13
Q

Freely movable joints that dont necessarily touch

A

Synovial

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14
Q

The bones of the skull are an example of this joint type

A

Fibrous

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15
Q

Compromise between synovial and fibrous joint

A

Cartilaginous joint eg discs

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16
Q

Cell type that create new bone by producing hydroxyapatite

A

Osteoblasts

17
Q

What hormones impact bones?

A

PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin

18
Q

Hormone derived from vitamin D that aims to increase calcium levels

A

Calcitriol

19
Q

PTH and Calcitriol will stimulate _________ to promote calcium resorption and will increase absorption in the ________

A

Osteoclasts and digestive tract

20
Q

This hormone inhibits osteoclasts

A

Calcitonin

21
Q

Calcitonin

A

Secreted by: Thyroid

Action: inhibits osteoclasts to keep them from resorping Ca to promote osteoblasts to incorporate Ca into bone. Reduce Ca intake from GI

22
Q

Compact Bone

A

Hard dense and provides structural supprot for movement, made of osteons with haversion canals in the middle

23
Q

Spongy bone

A

porous, contains marrow.

24
Q

Red Marrow

A

Site of hematopoiesis

25
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

Contians adipocytes

26
Q

What is bone primary composed of?

A

Collagen and hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the mineral component of bone. Hydroxyapatite serves as a storage deposit for calcium and phosphate in bone.

27
Q

True or false: Bone marrow is only found within spongy bone.

A

This statement is false. Compact bone is hard and dense. It provides structural support and leverage for movement, and contains some bone marrow. Bone marrow is also found within spongy bone, which is significantly more porous than compact bone.

28
Q

A patient with low blood calcium levels caused by a dietary deficiency would most likely have elevated levels of PTH or Calcitonin?

A

PTH: When blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol become elevated to increase blood calcium levels via bone resorption and increased absorption in the digestive tract. Thus, we would expect PTH levels to be elevated.

29
Q

What secrete PTH?

A

Parathyroid glands

30
Q

What secretes calcitriol?

A

Kidney, it is a vit D derivitive

31
Q

What secrete calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

32
Q

Osteon

A

Osteons are cylindrical structures composed of concentric rings, or lamellae, of bone matrix. In the center of the osteon is a channel known as the haversian canal, through which the bone’s blood and nerve supply passes.