Skeletal System and Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the four tissue types in the body?
Epitheleal Muscle Nervous Connective
What are the major connective tissues?
Bone, blood, fat, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
True or False: blood is a connective tissue
True
True or False: fat is a connective tissue
True
Cells that make the protein collagen
Chondrocytes
True or False: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is found predominantly in the extracellular matrix
TRUE
Connect Bone to Bone
Ligament
Connect muscle to bone
Tendon
Which of the following is not a connective tissue: Muscle Blood Ligament Adipose
Muscle is not a connective tissue
Axial Skeleton
Skull, ribs, and spine, houses CNS
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendages
True or False: the epiphyseal plate is between the diaphysis and epiphysis
true
Freely movable joints that dont necessarily touch
Synovial
The bones of the skull are an example of this joint type
Fibrous
Compromise between synovial and fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint eg discs
Cell type that create new bone by producing hydroxyapatite
Osteoblasts
What hormones impact bones?
PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin
Hormone derived from vitamin D that aims to increase calcium levels
Calcitriol
PTH and Calcitriol will stimulate _________ to promote calcium resorption and will increase absorption in the ________
Osteoclasts and digestive tract
This hormone inhibits osteoclasts
Calcitonin
Calcitonin
Secreted by: Thyroid
Action: inhibits osteoclasts to keep them from resorping Ca to promote osteoblasts to incorporate Ca into bone. Reduce Ca intake from GI
Compact Bone
Hard dense and provides structural supprot for movement, made of osteons with haversion canals in the middle
Spongy bone
porous, contains marrow.
Red Marrow
Site of hematopoiesis
Yellow Marrow
Contians adipocytes
What is bone primary composed of?
Collagen and hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the mineral component of bone. Hydroxyapatite serves as a storage deposit for calcium and phosphate in bone.
True or false: Bone marrow is only found within spongy bone.
This statement is false. Compact bone is hard and dense. It provides structural support and leverage for movement, and contains some bone marrow. Bone marrow is also found within spongy bone, which is significantly more porous than compact bone.
A patient with low blood calcium levels caused by a dietary deficiency would most likely have elevated levels of PTH or Calcitonin?
PTH: When blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol become elevated to increase blood calcium levels via bone resorption and increased absorption in the digestive tract. Thus, we would expect PTH levels to be elevated.
What secrete PTH?
Parathyroid glands
What secretes calcitriol?
Kidney, it is a vit D derivitive
What secrete calcitonin?
Thyroid
Osteon
Osteons are cylindrical structures composed of concentric rings, or lamellae, of bone matrix. In the center of the osteon is a channel known as the haversian canal, through which the bone’s blood and nerve supply passes.
