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BELLE MCAT Biology > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Which layer does muscle originate from?

A

Mesoderm (connective tissue originates from here)

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2
Q

Which layer does blood originate from?

A

Mesoderm(connective tissue originates from here)

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3
Q

Which layer does bone originate from?

A

Mesoderm(connective tissue originates from here)

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4
Q

Which layer do lens of the eyes originate from?

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

Which layer does the PNS originiate from?

A

Ectoderm

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6
Q

Which layer does the CNS originate from?

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

What layer does your heart and circulatory system originate from?

A

The circulatory system arises from the mesoderm.

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8
Q

True or False: The notocord develops into the CNS

A

False

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9
Q

True or False: The neural crest originates from ectoderm cells.

A

True

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10
Q

What germ layer do the gonads originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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11
Q

Describe the process of neurulation

A
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12
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the gastrula?

A

It has the three primary germ layers. This stage is after the blastula.

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13
Q

Which germ layer does the bladder originate from?

A

Endoderm

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14
Q

Which layer do the kidneys originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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15
Q

Which layer do the gonads originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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16
Q

Put in order from smallest to largest:

Morula

Blastocyst

Zygote

A

Zygote, Morula, Blastocyst

17
Q

Describe the structure of a blastocyst

A
18
Q

True or False: The trophoblast develops into the placenta

A

True

19
Q

Which germ layer do the respiratory and GI tracts originate from?

A

Endoderm

20
Q

Which layer do the adrenal glands originate from?

A

Mesoderm

21
Q

What structure feature below does the PNS originate from?

A

Neural Crest

22
Q

Parturition

A

Birth

23
Q

Teratogen

A

substance that interferes with development causing defects or even death in a developing embryo

24
Q

True or False: Before fertilization, the oocyte is known as a rimary oocyte

A

False, it is a secondary oocyte

25
Q

What are the two major outer layers of the oocyte that the sperm must break through?

A

Outermost is the corona radiata, second layer is the zona pellucida

26
Q

What prevents polyspermy?

A

The cortical reaction after the sperm penetrate the membrane. Calcium ions are released and depolarize the membrane making it so it cannot be fertilized by multiple sperm

27
Q

Acrosome

A

tip of sperm, forms the acrosomal apperatus during fertilization which extends to penetrate cell membrane

28
Q

When does meiosis II occur?

A

After fertilization has occured

29
Q

True or False: in development, the wolfarian duct develops in females and the mullerian duct forms in males

A

False, the opposite is true

30
Q

In fetuses, what carries oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the fetus?

A

Oxygenated blood is carried to the fetus through the umbilical veins (carries blood toward the fetus from the placenta), deoxygenated is carried vis umbilical arteries (carries blood away from the fetus towards placenta)

31
Q

True or False: Lungs function in a developing fetus

A

False, they do not. The fetus relies on maternal blood supply

32
Q

True or False: the liver does not function in the fetus

A

True

33
Q

Ductus Arteriosis

A

This is one of two shunts that redirects blood away from the lungs. It shunts leftover blood from the pulomonary artery to the aorta so blood goes into systematic circulation.

34
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

This is one of the fetal shunts that directs blood from the lungs. This is one of two shunts designed to bypass the lungs because lungs are underdeveloped. The foramen ovale is a one way vlave that connects the right and left atrium. Blood entering the right atrium from the IVC flows to the left atrium instead of the the right ventricle so it is pumped directly into systematic circulation.

35
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

This is the fetal shunt that redirects blood away from the liver. It shunts blood returning form the placenta via the umbilical vein directly to thr IVC

36
Q

What is the major hormone used to detect pregnancy?

A

HcG- Human chorionic gonadotropin

37
Q

What two hormones coordinate parturition?

A

Oxytocin and prostaglandins

38
Q

From which germ layer(s) do the tissues of the heart and blood vessels differentiate?

A

Mesoderm

Recall muscle and connective tissue arise fromthe mesoderm

BELLE MCAT Biology (20 decks)

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