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Embryology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The somite that the skeletal system starts from

A

Medial Ventral Somite

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2
Q

What is the structure that is on either side of the somite?

A

Paraxial Mesoderm

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3
Q

What are the two parts that the somites divide into?

A

Dermamyotome and Sclerotome

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4
Q

What forms from the Dermamyotome?

A

Dermatome and Myotome nerves

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5
Q

What forms from the Sclerotome?

A

Skeleton

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6
Q

What is the dividing somite made up of?

A

Mesenchyme

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7
Q

What develops from Mesenchyme?

A

Bone and Cartilage

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of bone growth/ossification?

A

Inter-carilagenous (intermembrounous) and Endochondral

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9
Q

What allows the bones to grow rapidly as the fetus grows?

A

The Cartilage state of developing bones

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10
Q

What to the vascularization point cells become?

A

Osteoblasts

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11
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

Deposit osteiod tissue that will become ossification centers

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12
Q

What is deposited at the ossification centers?

A

Bone matirx

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13
Q

What do spicules become?

A

Lamellae

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14
Q

What to the lamelle develop around and what do they form?

A

Blood vessels, Develop osteons

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15
Q

What to the spicules grow to become?

A

Trabecullae

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16
Q

What are the two types of development for the skull?

A

Neurocranium and splanchnocranuim

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17
Q

What is the Nuerocranium?

A

The bone that forms from mesenchyme that surrounds the brain

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18
Q

What are the two kinds of neurocranium development?

A

Neurochondrocranium and neuromembranocranium

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19
Q

Where does the neurochondocranium develop? When does it start ossification?

A

The base of the neurocranium. Starts at about 8 weks

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20
Q

What develops from the neurochondrocranium at 6 weeks

A
  • two pairs of nasels
  • one pair of prechonreals/trabecula
  • one pair of orbitals
  • one pair of temborals
  • one single hypophysial
  • one single parachonral
  • one pair of otics
  • for single occipitals
21
Q

What is formed from the neuormembranocranium and how is it formed?

A

the sides and the roof of the neurocranium. formed by intramembranous ossification

22
Q

What are the subdivisions that are formed from the neuromembranocranium?

A
  • Two Frontals
  • Two parietals
  • one vomer
  • two nasels
  • two lacrimals
23
Q

what are the large fibrous areas of the skull formed from the neuromembranocranium?

A

Fontanelles or soft spots

24
Q

The fetal life bones are separated by connective tissue membranes known as what?

A

Sutures

25
Q

The largest fontanelle and when it closes

A

Anterior fonenelle. closes by the end of the second year

26
Q

Which two fontanelles are closed at about the 2nd or 3rd month after birth?

A

Posterior and Anterolateral

27
Q

When does the posteriolateral fonetanelle close?

A

by the end of the first year after birth

28
Q

T/F: The fetal skull can undergo changes during the birth process due to the softness of the fontanelles and sutures.

A

True

29
Q

Waht are some of the characteristics of the fetal skull

A
  • bones are very thin
  • very large in proportion to the body
  • hard for baby to hold the head up when first born
30
Q

What are the three arches of the splanchondrocranium?

A

Visceral, Pharyngeal, and Bracheal arches

31
Q

How many arches have and how many do we start with?

A

have 5, start with 6

32
Q

What forms from the 1st arch?

A

Palate and Maxilla, Meckl’s cartilage, Incus and Malleus

33
Q

Forms from the 2nd arch?

A

States, Cranial 1/2 of the hyoid bone, lesser horn

34
Q

forms from the 3rd arch?

A

caudal 1/2 of the hyoid bone, greater horn

35
Q

forms from the 4th and 6th arches?

A

cartilage of the layranx

36
Q

What structure is eventually replaced by the vertebral column?

A

Notocord

37
Q

What does the vertebral column form from?

A

somite mesenchyme scerotome

38
Q

When does chondrification begin to appear?

A

in the 7th week of development

39
Q

What does intersegmental development give the vertebra?

A

muscle attachment and nerve emergence

40
Q

When do the vertebral arches unite to form the spinous process?

A

3rd month AFTER BIRTH

41
Q

When does ossification of the vertebra begin?

A

9 weeks of development

42
Q

all ossification centers are present int eh fetus at the 5th month except…

A

Sacral and coccyx region

43
Q

How many ossification centers does each vertebra have and where are they in development?

A
  1. One in the centrum (body) and one at each half of the vertebral arch
44
Q

How many ossification centers are in the pubescent vertebra?

A
  1. one at tip of spinous process, one at the tip of each transverse process, and two of the rim of the epiphysical center
45
Q

what does the sternum develop from?

A

Mesenchymal sternal bands (bars)

46
Q

When does the upper and lower limbs first appear as buds?

A

upper-4th week

lower-5th week

47
Q

Which way dose the upper limb rotate to allow the elbow to face posterior?

A

laterally

48
Q

Which way does the lower limb rotate to allow the knee to face anterior?

A

medially

49
Q

What is the first bone to ossify in the human body?

A

Clavicle

Embryology (15 decks)

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