Skeletal Malformations

Question 1

What is Chondroystophies?

Answer 1

Abnormal development of cartilage with disproportionate growth patterns

Question 2

What is Achondroplasia?

Answer 2

The slow growth of cartiage and bone ossification

Question 3

Waht are the symptoms of Achondropasia

Answer 3

Small stature, craniofacial megalocephaly, lu,bar hyperlordosis, short tubular bones, thoracolumbar kyphosis, mild hypotonia

Question 4

Mucopolysaccaridosis

Answer 4

The storage of lipid and mucopolysaccharides in the nervous system and over accumulation in the mesenchyme

Question 5

Hurlers

Answer 5

A build up of GAGs

Question 6

Cleidocranial Dysostosis

Answer 6

Clavicular agenesis, Skull disorders, jaw disorders

Question 7

What are the two kinds of Spina bifida?

Answer 7

Occulta and Cyctica

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Occulta Spina Bifida?

Answer 8

It is limited to the skeletal components of the spine. on films, the spinous processes will appear unfused

Question 9

What are the two types of deformities that are often associated with congenital scoliosis?

Answer 9

Vertebral numarical variations and morphological variations (missing or extra portions of vertebra)

Question 10

What is a chordoma?

Answer 10

Where the notocord remains present within either the nucleus pulpsus or vertebral body and can lead to slow growing tumors

Question 11

Oxycephaly

Answer 11

Premature closure of all cranial sutures

Question 12

Trigonocephaly

Answer 12

Premature closure of the metatopic suture

Question 13

Plagiocephaly

Answer 13

the sutures close asymmetriclly

Question 14

Scapheocenphaly

Answer 14

The sagittal sutures close prematurely

Question 15

Acrocephaly

Answer 15

Coronal sutures close prematurelly

Question 16

Syndactyly

Answer 16

Fusion of the digits

Question 17

Microcephaly

Answer 17

Small skull size and brain weight

Question 18

Macrocephaly

Answer 18

large skull size and brain weight

Question 19

The prevalence of cervical and lumbar ribs

Answer 19

cervical: 32%
lumbar: 30%

Question 20

Amelia

Answer 20

Complete absence of a limb. often caused by environmental factors

Question 21

Phocomelia

Answer 21

Absence of reduction of the proximal part of a limb often caused by environmental factors

Question 22

Meromelia

Answer 22

Absence or reduction of the distal part of the limbs often caused by environmental factors

Question 23

Sympodia

Answer 23

hypoplasia and fusion of the lower limbs (mermaid legs)

Question 24

Dichira

Answer 24

Duplication of the distal parts of the limbs

Question 25

Polydactyly

Answer 25

Presence of extra digits

Question 26

Syndactyly

Answer 26

Fusion of the digits (often the toes)

Question 27

Brachydactyly

Answer 27

Shortness of the digits

Question 28

Hyper/polyphalangism

Answer 28

long digits with extra phalanges