Nerve Malformations Flashcards

1
Q

This category of drugs in which studies have shown no risk to the fetus

A

Category A

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2
Q

This category of drugs w/ no human studies but animal studies have shown effects of fetus

A

Category B

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3
Q

This category of drugs has studies that are inadequate in both human and animal to show effect the fetus

A

Category C

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4
Q

This category of drugs defiantly causes harm to the fetus but benefits the mother

A

Category D

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5
Q

This category of drugs causes harm to the fetus with no benefit to the mother

A

Category X

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6
Q

What is a tetrogen?

A

Any agent that can produce congenital malformations

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7
Q

That is a sign?

A

An objective evidence of disease

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8
Q

A Subjective evidence of disease is a what?

A

Symptom

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9
Q

A syndrome is…

A

a set of symptoms and signs that occur together

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10
Q

What is the study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

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11
Q

The critical period of development for the nervous system

A

3rd-7th week

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12
Q

The critical period of development for the cardiovascular system

A

4th-6th week

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13
Q

The critical period of development for the ears

A

4th-8th week

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14
Q

The critical period of development for the eyes

A

4th-8th week

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15
Q

The critical period of development for the limbs

A

4th-7th week

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16
Q

What are the two kinds of “Trisomy of Y”?

A

47XXY male-Klinefelter’s syndrome and 47XYY- Modified Klinefelter’s

17
Q

Individuals that are 47XXY, have the following symptoms:

A

Tall stature, Normal development, average IQ, Long legs when compared to trunk, chromatin positive

18
Q

Individuals with 47 XYY would have the following symptoms:

A

Tall stature, Normal IQ, Hypertelorism, Long legs, Scanty Facial Hair, Cryptorchism, Chromatic Negative

19
Q

What are the symptoms of of turner’s syndrom

A

Horse shoe kidney, unilateral renal agenesis, lack of breast development, infantile external genitalia, chromatin negative

20
Q

The symptoms of 46 (22q+)

A

Cat-eye syndrome, Anal Atresia, Inferior Coloboma, ASD, Posible mosaic, renal agenesis, agenesis of uterus or Fallopian tubes, reto-vestibular fistula

21
Q

The symptoms of 46 (5p-)

A

Mental retardation, low birth weight, high pitch cry, hypotonia, microcephaly, hypertelorism, simian crease, short metacarpals, cardiac defects, renal agenesis, premature greying of the hair

22
Q

Waht does RAD stand for?

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose

23
Q

What is the standard x-ray radiation does?

A

below 5,000 milli-REM

24
Q

What does REM stand for?

A

Roentgen Equivalent of Man

25
Q

What are some of the effects of radiation damage in the human body?

A

1) produce free radicals
2) Break and produce new chemical bonds
3) Damage molecules that regulate vital cell processes

26
Q

What is the major risk of radiation to the fetus in the 1st trimester?

A

Will often cause fetal death while the fetus is most sensitive

27
Q

In the 2nd trimester, what is the risk to the fetus when radiation is applied

A

The major organ systems are most sensitive and can cause several malformations

28
Q

In the 3rd trimester, what is the risk to the fetus when radiation is applied?

A

The cell population is severely depleted and can lead to leukemia