Nerve Malformations Flashcards
This category of drugs in which studies have shown no risk to the fetus
Category A
This category of drugs w/ no human studies but animal studies have shown effects of fetus
Category B
This category of drugs has studies that are inadequate in both human and animal to show effect the fetus
Category C
This category of drugs defiantly causes harm to the fetus but benefits the mother
Category D
This category of drugs causes harm to the fetus with no benefit to the mother
Category X
What is a tetrogen?
Any agent that can produce congenital malformations
That is a sign?
An objective evidence of disease
A Subjective evidence of disease is a what?
Symptom
A syndrome is…
a set of symptoms and signs that occur together
What is the study of the cause of disease
Etiology
The critical period of development for the nervous system
3rd-7th week
The critical period of development for the cardiovascular system
4th-6th week
The critical period of development for the ears
4th-8th week
The critical period of development for the eyes
4th-8th week
The critical period of development for the limbs
4th-7th week
What are the two kinds of “Trisomy of Y”?
47XXY male-Klinefelter’s syndrome and 47XYY- Modified Klinefelter’s
Individuals that are 47XXY, have the following symptoms:
Tall stature, Normal development, average IQ, Long legs when compared to trunk, chromatin positive
Individuals with 47 XYY would have the following symptoms:
Tall stature, Normal IQ, Hypertelorism, Long legs, Scanty Facial Hair, Cryptorchism, Chromatic Negative
What are the symptoms of of turner’s syndrom
Horse shoe kidney, unilateral renal agenesis, lack of breast development, infantile external genitalia, chromatin negative
The symptoms of 46 (22q+)
Cat-eye syndrome, Anal Atresia, Inferior Coloboma, ASD, Posible mosaic, renal agenesis, agenesis of uterus or Fallopian tubes, reto-vestibular fistula
The symptoms of 46 (5p-)
Mental retardation, low birth weight, high pitch cry, hypotonia, microcephaly, hypertelorism, simian crease, short metacarpals, cardiac defects, renal agenesis, premature greying of the hair
Waht does RAD stand for?
Radiation Absorbed Dose
What is the standard x-ray radiation does?
below 5,000 milli-REM
What does REM stand for?
Roentgen Equivalent of Man
What are some of the effects of radiation damage in the human body?
1) produce free radicals
2) Break and produce new chemical bonds
3) Damage molecules that regulate vital cell processes
What is the major risk of radiation to the fetus in the 1st trimester?
Will often cause fetal death while the fetus is most sensitive
In the 2nd trimester, what is the risk to the fetus when radiation is applied
The major organ systems are most sensitive and can cause several malformations
In the 3rd trimester, what is the risk to the fetus when radiation is applied?
The cell population is severely depleted and can lead to leukemia
