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Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

What is the only other harder natural substance than bone in the body?

A

Teeth enamel

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1
Q

The second hardest natural substance In the body

A

Bone

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2
Q

What is bone composed of?

A

Cells of collagen fibers embedded into the matrix

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3
Q

The cells that produce bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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4
Q

The process of hardening the matrix that make up bone?

A

Ossification

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5
Q

The functions of bones

A

Supporting the body, protecting the organs, movement of the body, storing minerals, formation of blood cells

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6
Q

Two TYPES of bones

A

Cancellous bone and compact bone

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7
Q

What is the difference between cancellous bone and compact bone?

A

Cancellous bone is spongy and light while compact bone is heavy and dense

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8
Q

What is the advantage of cancellous bones?

A

They keep your body lightweight but still maintain strength

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9
Q

Where is compact bone located?

A

In what’s of long bones and outside layers of bones

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10
Q

What is compact bone composed of?

A

Haversian systems (tightly compacted cylinders of bone)

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11
Q

What does the Haversian canal contain?

A

Blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

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12
Q

The membrane that covers the outer surfaces of bones.

A

Periosteum

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13
Q

The membrane that lines the hallow interior of surface bones.

A

Endosteum

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14
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Eat away bone to remodel or remove bone (evil twin of osteoblasts)

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15
Q

How do bones get blood?

A

Passing through tiny channels in the bone matrix called Volkmanns canal

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16
Q

How do large blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves enter bones?

A

Through nutrient foramina channels

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17
Q

Two ways bones are formed.

A

Cartilage bone formation and membrane bone formation

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18
Q

Most bones develop by which formation style?

A

Cartilage bone formation (grows into and replaces a cartilage model)

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19
Q

Where is the primary growth center of cartilage bone formation?

A

Shaft of the cartilage rod

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20
Q

Where are secondary growth centers for cartilage bone formation?

A

Ends of the bone

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21
Q

Where does membrane bone formation take place?

A

In certain skull bones

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22
Q

Three things that are necessary for bone to fix itself?

A

Alignment, immobilization and time

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23
Q

Four basic shapes of bone

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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24
Q

Where are most long bones found?

A

Limbs of the body

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25
Q

What are short bones shaped like?

A

Cubes

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26
Q

Examples of short bones found in the body?

A

Tarsel and carpel bones

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27
Q

Examples of flat bones found in the body?

A

Skull Shoulder blades, pelvic bones

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28
Q

How did irregular bones get their name?

A

They have more than one characteristics of short, long or flat or are irregular shaped

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29
Q

Where is bone marrow found?

A

Fills the spaces within the bone

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30
Q

What does red bone marrow do?

A

Forms blood cells

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31
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Fat

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32
Q

What is a hole in the bone called?

A

Foramen

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33
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A sunken area on the surface of bone

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34
Q

Two main groups of skeletal bones?

A

Bones of the head or trunk and bones of the limbs

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35
Q

What group of the skeletal bones are called the axial skeleton?

A

Head and trunk bones

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36
Q

Which group of skeletal bones are referred to as the appendicular skeleton?

A

Trunk bones

37
Q

Some animals have a third group of skeletal bones called…

A

Visceral skeleton

38
Q

The most complex part of the skeleton

A

Skull

39
Q

Jagged, immovable, fibrous joints that unite the skull are called…

A

Sutures

40
Q

Moveable joint (the jaw)

A

Synovial joint

41
Q

Groups of skull bones

A

Cranium bones, ear bones, face bones

42
Q

External bones of the cranium?

A

Occipital, inter parietal, parietal, temporal, frontal

43
Q

Internal bones of the cranium?

A

Sphenoid, ethmoid bones

44
Q

External bones of the face?

A

Incisive, nasal, maxillary, lacrimal bones, zygomatic, mandible

45
Q

Internal bones of the face?

A

Palatine, pterygoid, vomer bones

46
Q

Also called the breastbone

A

Sternum

47
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The limbs of the body

48
Q

Oste/o

A

Refers to bone

49
Q

Crani/o

A

Cranium of the skull

50
Q

-Blast

A

Making of

51
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

Shaft of a long bone (femur)

52
Q

What is endosteum?

A

Inner membrane of a diaphysis bone

53
Q

What is periosteum?

A

Membrane around the outside of a diaphysis bone

54
Q

What is epiphysis?

A

The ends of a bone

55
Q

What is a mature osteoblast called after the cell gets surrounded by matrix material?

A

Osteocytes

56
Q

Where are periosteums NOT present?

A

In articular surfaces (joints)

57
Q

Large channels where large blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves enter the bones

A

Nutrient foramina

58
Q

Channels vessels pass through to get to the bone matrix?

A

Volkmanns channels

59
Q

Nutrient canal that joins with Volkmanns channel to bring nutrients to osteocytes?

A

Haversian Canals

60
Q

What is emdochomdral?

A

Cartilage

61
Q

How does the emdochomdral formation of bones work?

A

(Like wire of a sculpture then the plaster of the sculpture) creation of cartilage that is replaced by bone

62
Q

Where are cancellous bones found?

A

At the ends of long bones

63
Q

Large, round, articular surfaces

A

Condyle

64
Q

Flat articular surface

A

Facet

65
Q

Round, “ball in socket” on ends of articular surfaces

A

Head

66
Q

“Hole” nerves and vessels pass through into bone

A

Foramen

67
Q

What is a protruberance?

A

Lumps and bumps of bones where muscles and tendons attach

68
Q

What is an axial bone?

A

Parts of the body that cannot be removed and still live (skull, spine, ribs, tail)

69
Q

What are appendicular bones?

A

Bones/limbs able to be removed and still live

70
Q

How many bones make up the brain?

A

37-38

71
Q

Upper jaw, mom-movable

A

Maxilla

72
Q

What does normocephalic mean?

A

Normal skull shape, proportional to natural wolf style

73
Q

What does brachycephalic mean?

A

Wide skull with shortened snout, pushing all natural wolf features into a small area

74
Q

What does dolidhochephalic mean?

A

Elongated snout that is long and thin. Head is narrow and long. (Greyhound and collie)

75
Q

What digit does a horse walk on?

A

Third (middle)

76
Q

What digit does a cow walk on?

A

3 and 4

77
Q

What does the frog of a horse hoof do?

A

Pushes on the ground to assist in blood flow up legs

78
Q

Examples of synovial joints?

A

Knee, shoulder

79
Q

Examples of fibrous joints

A

Skull joints, splint bones

80
Q

Which joint is the most common place for injury?

A

Stifle joint

81
Q

What are the three types of synovial joints?

A

Ball and socket, pivot and hinged

82
Q

What do crucible ligaments in the stifle joint do?

A

Holds your femur from moving forward

83
Q

What do the collateral ligaments in the stifle joint do?

A

Hold you femur from going sideways

84
Q

What is the patella of a stifle joint?

A

Knee cap

85
Q

What is the meniscus in the stifle joint?

A

Cushion between tibia and patella

86
Q

Example of a ball and socket joint

A

Hip and shoulder

87
Q

Examples of hinged joints

A

Elbow

88
Q

Examples of pivot joints

A

Skull with vertebrae

89
Q

Not a knee…

A

A stifle

Anatomy (11 decks)

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