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Anatomy > Sense Organs > Flashcards

Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are visceral senses?

A

Hunger and thirst

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2
Q

The only organ that does not follow the rule that stretching causes pain

A

Bladder

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3
Q

Where do visceral organs originate

A

In hollow internal organs

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4
Q

What are the general senses?

A

Visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain, proprioception

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5
Q

Membranes that line and cover the contents of the thorax and abdomen

A

Pleura, peritoneum

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6
Q

Urination will be delayed if…

A

The animal contacts the voluntary sphincter muscle

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7
Q

Also known as the tactile sense

A

Touch

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8
Q

The sensation of something being in contact with the body

A

Touch

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9
Q

Associated with touch

A

Pressure

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10
Q

What is the overall goal of touch and pressure

A

To give the CNS a picture of what, where, and to what extent something is from the body

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11
Q

Monitors half the body’s temperature control

A

Temperature sense

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12
Q

Two categories of temperature receptors

A

Superficial and central

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13
Q

The temperature receptors that are located in the skin and detect upward or downward changes in skin temperature

A

Superficial

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14
Q

Temperature receptors that keep track of the interior body temperature by monitoring blood

A

Central

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15
Q

Where are central temperature receptors located?

A

Hypothalamus of the brain

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16
Q

Rectal temperature measures

A

Core temperature

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17
Q

Also called nociceptors

A

Pain receptors

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18
Q

The most common and widely distributed sensory receptors

A

Pain receptors

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19
Q

Pain receptors purpose

A

To protect the body from damage by alerting the central nervous system

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20
Q

Four steps of nociceptoion

A

Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

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21
Q

The first step of pain that senses a nerve impulse at the nerve ending

A

Transduction

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22
Q

The second step of pain that sends the sense of pain at the nerve ending to the spinal cord

A

Transmission

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23
Q

The third step of pain that changes the sensor of pain to be worse or not as serious as it travels

A

Modulation

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24
Q

The final step of pain that reaches the brain to tell us about the pain

A

Perception

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25
Q

Where does superficial pain affect?

A

Skin and subcutaneous areas

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26
Q

Where does deep pain affect?

A

Muscles and joints

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27
Q

Where does visceral pain affect?

A

Internal organs

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28
Q

Where does acute pain affect?

A

Sharp and intense pain of any area

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29
Q

What is chromic pain?

A

Dull and aching

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30
Q

The sense of body position and movement

A

Proprioception

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31
Q

Why is proprioception important?

A

To interact with the environment and to stand upright and correctly move

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32
Q

The ability to feel things

A

Esthetia

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33
Q

Complete loss of sensation

A

Anesthesia

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34
Q

Where are proprioception sense receptors located?

A

Skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules

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35
Q

What are the four special senses?

A

Taste, smell, hearing and vision

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36
Q

The senses often involved in illnesses and injury

A

Special senses

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37
Q

Also called the gustatory sense

A

Taste

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38
Q

Where are the majority of taste buds located?

A

Papillae

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39
Q

The tiny openings of the taste buds

A

Taste pores

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40
Q

What are the primary taste sensations

A

Sweet, sour, salty and bitter

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41
Q

Also called the olfactory sense

A

Smell

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42
Q

How is the sense of smell organized?

A

Into two patches of olfac-tory epithelium located in nasal passages

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43
Q

How does smell work?

A

Odor molecules dissolve in mucus and contact sensory processes, nerve impulses are generated that travel to the brain and are interpreted as smells

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44
Q

Also called the auditory sense.

A

Hearing

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45
Q

What are the three parts of the ear.

A

External ear, middle ear, inner ear

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46
Q

Acts as a funnel to collect sound waves in the eardrum

A

External ear

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47
Q

Contains the sensory receptors that concert the

Mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses

A

Inner ear

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48
Q

Amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

A

Middle ear

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49
Q

Where are most ear structures located?

A

In the temporal bones of the skull

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50
Q

The pinna, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum) make up the…

A

External ear

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51
Q

Can be aimed in the direction of sound

A

Pinna

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52
Q

The part of the external ear that carries sound waves to the ear drum

A

External auditory canal

53
Q

The process of which sound waves strike the eardrum and the membrane vibrates at the same frequency

A

Sympathetic vibration

54
Q

Small bones found in the middle ear

A

Ossicles

55
Q

Receptors for hearing are located here in the middle ear

A

Cochlea

56
Q

The outermost bone of the middle ear also called the hammer that is connected to the tympanic membrane

A

Malleus

57
Q

The middle bone of the middle ear that forms a synovial joint with the malleus

A

Incus (anvil)

58
Q

The anvil forms a joint with this medial bone of the inner ear

A

Stapes-stirrup

59
Q

Act as levers that transmit the sound wave vibrations from the ear drum to the cochlea

A

Ossicles

60
Q

Also called the eustschian tube, this connects the middle ear to the pharynx

A

Auditory tube

61
Q

What would happen if we didn’t have the auditory tube when barometric pressure changed

A

The eardrum would bulge in or out causing painful pressure.

62
Q

How are ear hematoma a formed?

A

By shaking head or other trauma that ruptures blood vessels

63
Q

Theory of mechanical balance

A

Equilibrium

64
Q

Where are equilibrium receptors located

A

Inner ear vestibules and semicircular canals

65
Q

The two saclike spaces that make up the vestibule

A

Utricle and saccule

66
Q

…Consists of hair cells and supporting cells covered by gelatinous matrix that contains tiny crystals called….

A

Macula, otoliths

67
Q

Ear stone

A

Otolith

68
Q

Three major layers of the eye ball

A

Fibrous layer, vascular layer, nervous layer

69
Q

The outer layer of the eye they admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the interior

A

Fibrous layer

70
Q

The eyes transparent window that admits light to the eye

A

Cornea

71
Q

The white of the eye

A

Sclera

72
Q

The junction of the cornea and the sclera

A

Limbus

73
Q

Also called the vascular layer

A

Uvea

74
Q

Parts of the uvea.

A

Choroid, iris, ciliary

75
Q

Where is the choroid located? And what does it consist of?

A

Between the sclera and retina- dark melanin pigment and blood vessels that supply blood to the retina

76
Q

The reflective are formed by the choroid responsible for the shine of animals eyes we see at night

A

Tapetum (tapetum lucidum)

77
Q

What types of fibers make up the pupil?

A

Radially arranged fibers, enlarges the pupil when it contracts, circularly arranged fibers constrict the pupil when they contract

78
Q

Where is the ciliary body? And what does it do?

A

Located behind the iris and adjusts the shape of the lens for near and far vision

79
Q

The inner, nervous layer of the eye that lines the back of the eye and acts like a camera of the eye

A

Retina

80
Q

When we’re looking into an animals eye, we’re looking into its_____________.

A

Aqueous compartment

81
Q

The front part of the iris

A

Anterior chamber

82
Q

The space behind the kris and between the lens

A

Posterior chamber

83
Q

The only part of the eye that we can see without special instruments

A

Anterior chamber

84
Q

A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes pain and leads to blindness

A

Glaucoma

85
Q

Instrument that tests intraocular pressure

A

Tonometer

86
Q

Soft transparent structure of the eye made up of layers of microscopic fibers arranges like an onion

A

Lens

87
Q

The process whereby the shape of the lens is changed to allow close up and distant vision

A

Accommodation

88
Q

_____ rods are more sensitive to light than ____

A

Rods, cones

89
Q

____ are more sensitive to color than _____

A

Cones, rods

90
Q

A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and limes the interior surfaces of the eyelid

A

Conjunctiva

91
Q

Refers to eyeball

A

Bulbar

92
Q

Refers to the eyelids

A

Palpebral

93
Q

Athens,all skeletal muscles that hold the eye balls in place and accurately and delicately move them

A

Extra ocular eye muscles

94
Q

What are the six extra ocular muscles

A

Four Straight (rectus) muscles, two oblique muscles

95
Q

MIoSIS

A

Small pupil

96
Q

Mydriasis

A

Large pupil

97
Q

Huge requirement for oxygen

A

Neurons

98
Q

Structural and functional support for neurons to protect them

A

Glial cells

99
Q

Pick up information

A

Dendrites

100
Q

Conduct nerve impulse away that the dendrite picked up. May be covered with myelin

A

Axons

101
Q

Speeds up impulses

A

Myelin

102
Q

Name for myelin in the brain and spinal cord

A

Oligodendrocytes

103
Q

Name for myelin outside the brain and in the spinal cord

A

Schwann

104
Q

Conduct impulses towards the CNS

A

Afferent nerves

105
Q

Conduct impulses away from brain

A

Efferent nerves

106
Q

SAME

A

Sensory-afferent, Motor-efferent

107
Q

Parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

108
Q

Biggest part of the brain where our intelligence takes place

A

Cerebrum

109
Q

Folds in the brain (tops of the mountains)

A

Gyri

110
Q

Folds in the brain (valley of the mountains)

A

Sicri

111
Q

Spot in the brain that relays the senses to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

112
Q

Interface between nervous system and endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

113
Q

The master gland

A

Pituitary

114
Q

Part of the brain that is the passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

115
Q

Responsible for balance

A

Cerebellum

116
Q

Direct arteries that take blood to our brain

A

Carotid artery

117
Q

Three layer of meninges

A

Dura ,Ayer, arachnoid, pita mater

118
Q

Fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

119
Q

Central part of the spinal cord

A

Medulla

120
Q

Outer part of the spinal cord (white matter)

A

Cortex

121
Q

Sympathetic NS reactions

A

German Shepard lunging at you - increase blood flow to skeletal muscles, increased heart rate, decreased GI motility, pupils dialate

122
Q

Parasympathetic NS reactions

A

You after thanksgiving - decreased heart rate, increased GI motility, pupil constriction, cold due to blood leaving limbs

123
Q

Part of a Schwann cell outer membrane that can repair itself when damaged

A

Neurilemma

124
Q

Rest and digest neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

125
Q

Three excitably neurotransmitter

A

Norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline)

126
Q

Neurotransmitter that makes everything relax

A

GABA

127
Q

Little brain

A

Cerebellum

128
Q

Three phases of a seizure

A

Aura (acting weird) ictus (true seizure) post ictal (recovery period)

129
Q

Recurrent seizures

A

Epilepsy

Anatomy (11 decks)

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