Integument System Flashcards
What does the integumentary system do?
Protects, prevents drying, maintains temperature, stores nutrients, excretes water and salt
What is the integumentary system?
Skin
What is melanin?
The pigment color in your skin
Where is the epidermis?
Outer layer of skin that is shed and replaces every three weeks
What are Merkel cells?
Deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for touch
How does the under layer, the dermis, help the superficial epidermis layer?
Supply blood and nerves- epidermis does not have blood causing superficial paper cuts to not bleed
What is the stratum cornuem layer filled with?
Nuclear lacking Cells completely filled with keratin and are all dead on the top layer of the epidermis
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What is the purpose of hair?
Camouflage and maintain temperature
Three layers of hair
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
Does melanin production increase or decrease with age?
Decrease. Turns gray, then when the medulla is completely empty, it turns white
Three types of hair?
Primary hairs (long hairs), secondary hair (wooly, thick hair), tactile hairs (sinus hairs, whiskers)
Orders of skin layers from superficial to deep.
Stratum cornuem (dead cells), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
What additional layer of skin does thick skin have?
Stratum lucidum
What is the layer stratum lucidium come from?
Thick skin on hands and feet from callouses
What is the subcutaneous/hypodermis layer mostly made out of?
Fat
Which part of the hair is visible above skin?
Hair shaft
What is the deepest part of a hair?
Hair bulb
What is the muscle called that is attached next to every hair?
Arrector pilli muscle
What causes pigmentation of integumentary parts?
Melanin
Strongest area of skin on patients that consists of five layers of epidermis?
Paw pads
What are ergots and chestnuts?
Dark, hornlike structures on legs of equine species (remnants of foot pads)
What is the difference between chestnuts and ergots?
Ergots are smaller and are located in between ankles and chestnuts are in between knees
Where are the sebaceous oil glands located?
Cutaneous pouches in sheep
What is the planum nasale?
Nose
What happens in the stratum basale layers?
Making of daughter cells
As you move to More superficial layers, what cell part lessens?
Nucleus
Why does the nucleus disappear?
The cells fill with keratin and squish out the nucleus and become dead cells
What are animals with hooves called?
Ungulates
The _______ crest is where the growth of claws is
Ungual
What is the difference between horns and antlers?
Antlers occur only in males and are able to be shed, horns are non-sex specific and are permanent, cornified epidermis tissue
What is in the dermis layer that is not in the epidermis layer?
Nerves, blood vessels
What do cows have in their noses that dogs do not?
Glands
What causes shedding?
Environmental factors (spring and fall), hormonal changes, individual variation
Where do eccrine sweat glands excrete?
To skins surface
Where do apocrine sweat glands excrete?
Into hair follicles and then to the surface (apes are hairy)
What is the purpose of anal glands?
Marking, fear effect, struggle effect
Signs of ill skin
Discoloration, rash, flaking, redness (erythmia), Alopecia (hair loss), swelling
What is laminitis?
Swelling of the inner foot causing pressure and separation of the hoof from the foot
What is keratinization?
The cell expires, loosing its nucleus and organelles
How often is the epidermis layer shed?
Three weeks
What are langerhans cells?
Macrophages
The mound of dermal cells found at the end of the hair bulb?
Papilla
Layers of a hair from superficial to deep?
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
A small, discolored area, like a freckle
Macule
A small, slightly elevated mole
Papule
General skin mark that General swelling
Nodule
A small blister containing fluid
Vesicle
A pimple that is pus filled
Pustule
A black head
Comedone
Laceration that goes through all three layers of skin
Fissure
Depression in the skin that is caused from dying cells
Ulcer
General term for inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
What is barbering?
Cats licking excessively that causes bald spots
What is acute moist dermatitis?
Hot spot
Accumulation of cornified cells
Scales
