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Anatomy > Integument System > Flashcards

Integument System Flashcards

0
Q

What does the integumentary system do?

A

Protects, prevents drying, maintains temperature, stores nutrients, excretes water and salt

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1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is melanin?

A

The pigment color in your skin

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3
Q

Where is the epidermis?

A

Outer layer of skin that is shed and replaces every three weeks

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4
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

Deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for touch

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5
Q

How does the under layer, the dermis, help the superficial epidermis layer?

A

Supply blood and nerves- epidermis does not have blood causing superficial paper cuts to not bleed

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6
Q

What is the stratum cornuem layer filled with?

A

Nuclear lacking Cells completely filled with keratin and are all dead on the top layer of the epidermis

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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8
Q

What is the purpose of hair?

A

Camouflage and maintain temperature

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9
Q

Three layers of hair

A

Cuticle, cortex, medulla

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10
Q

Does melanin production increase or decrease with age?

A

Decrease. Turns gray, then when the medulla is completely empty, it turns white

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11
Q

Three types of hair?

A

Primary hairs (long hairs), secondary hair (wooly, thick hair), tactile hairs (sinus hairs, whiskers)

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12
Q

Orders of skin layers from superficial to deep.

A

Stratum cornuem (dead cells), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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13
Q

What additional layer of skin does thick skin have?

A

Stratum lucidum

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14
Q

What is the layer stratum lucidium come from?

A

Thick skin on hands and feet from callouses

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15
Q

What is the subcutaneous/hypodermis layer mostly made out of?

A

Fat

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16
Q

Which part of the hair is visible above skin?

A

Hair shaft

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17
Q

What is the deepest part of a hair?

A

Hair bulb

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18
Q

What is the muscle called that is attached next to every hair?

A

Arrector pilli muscle

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19
Q

What causes pigmentation of integumentary parts?

A

Melanin

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20
Q

Strongest area of skin on patients that consists of five layers of epidermis?

A

Paw pads

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21
Q

What are ergots and chestnuts?

A

Dark, hornlike structures on legs of equine species (remnants of foot pads)

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22
Q

What is the difference between chestnuts and ergots?

A

Ergots are smaller and are located in between ankles and chestnuts are in between knees

23
Q

Where are the sebaceous oil glands located?

A

Cutaneous pouches in sheep

24
Q

What is the planum nasale?

A

Nose

25
Q

What happens in the stratum basale layers?

A

Making of daughter cells

26
Q

As you move to More superficial layers, what cell part lessens?

A

Nucleus

27
Q

Why does the nucleus disappear?

A

The cells fill with keratin and squish out the nucleus and become dead cells

28
Q

What are animals with hooves called?

A

Ungulates

29
Q

The _______ crest is where the growth of claws is

A

Ungual

30
Q

What is the difference between horns and antlers?

A

Antlers occur only in males and are able to be shed, horns are non-sex specific and are permanent, cornified epidermis tissue

31
Q

What is in the dermis layer that is not in the epidermis layer?

A

Nerves, blood vessels

32
Q

What do cows have in their noses that dogs do not?

A

Glands

33
Q

What causes shedding?

A

Environmental factors (spring and fall), hormonal changes, individual variation

34
Q

Where do eccrine sweat glands excrete?

A

To skins surface

35
Q

Where do apocrine sweat glands excrete?

A

Into hair follicles and then to the surface (apes are hairy)

36
Q

What is the purpose of anal glands?

A

Marking, fear effect, struggle effect

37
Q

Signs of ill skin

A

Discoloration, rash, flaking, redness (erythmia), Alopecia (hair loss), swelling

38
Q

What is laminitis?

A

Swelling of the inner foot causing pressure and separation of the hoof from the foot

39
Q

What is keratinization?

A

The cell expires, loosing its nucleus and organelles

40
Q

How often is the epidermis layer shed?

A

Three weeks

41
Q

What are langerhans cells?

A

Macrophages

42
Q

The mound of dermal cells found at the end of the hair bulb?

A

Papilla

43
Q

Layers of a hair from superficial to deep?

A

Cuticle, cortex, medulla

44
Q

A small, discolored area, like a freckle

A

Macule

45
Q

A small, slightly elevated mole

A

Papule

46
Q

General skin mark that General swelling

A

Nodule

47
Q

A small blister containing fluid

A

Vesicle

48
Q

A pimple that is pus filled

A

Pustule

49
Q

A black head

A

Comedone

50
Q

Laceration that goes through all three layers of skin

A

Fissure

51
Q

Depression in the skin that is caused from dying cells

A

Ulcer

52
Q

General term for inflammation of the skin

A

Dermatitis

53
Q

What is barbering?

A

Cats licking excessively that causes bald spots

54
Q

What is acute moist dermatitis?

A

Hot spot

55
Q

Accumulation of cornified cells

A

Scales

Anatomy (11 decks)

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