Respiratory Flashcards
Where does external respiration occur?
Lungs
Where does internal respiration occur?
All over the body in blood capillaries
Voice production
Phonation
The voice box
Larynx
Chest cavity
Thorax
Throat
Pharynx
Helps warm air before it reaches the lungs
The network of superficial blood vessels just under the nasal passages
Mechanisms that cools animals
Panting
Structures outside of the lungs
Upper respiratory tract
Structures within the lungs
Lower respiratory system
Wind pipe
Trachea
Nares
Nostrils
Scroll like bones covering the nasal passage tubes
Turbinates
Two types of respiration constantly going on in the body?
External and internal respiration
Two types of turbinates found in the nasal passages
Dorsal and ventral
Three main passageways of the nasal area
Nasal meatus
Other than smell, the main function of the nasal cavity
Condition the air that is inhaled
Three main conditioning performances that take place in the nasal cavity
Humidifying, warming and filtering
Sinuses
Paranasal sinuses
Each sinus is named after…?
The skull bone that houses it
Here sweep mucus through the nasal passages to pass debris
Cilia
Short irregular tube that connects the pharynx to the trachea
Voice box
Covers the opening of the larynx
Epiglottis
Vocal chords are attached to…
Aryentoid cartilage
Three main functions of the larynx
Voice production, prevention of foreign objects, control of airflow to and from the lungs
Caused by pressure behind the glottis
Coughing
The process of the larynx diving into two parts
Bifurcation of the Trachea
The lower part of the respiratory tract starts with the ____ and ends with the _____
Bronchi, alveoli
Passageways that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli are called…
Bronchial tree
External respiration takes place in the..l
Alveoli
Why are air passageways referred to as the bronchial tree?
They branch out like a tree as they divide
The trunk of the bronchial tree represents
Main bronchus that enters each lung
The leaves of the tree represent…
Alveoli
Alveoli ducts are arranged like..
Bunches of grapes
When does bronchodilation take place?
During intense exercise
Layer of fluid that surrounds each alveolus.
Surfactant
What does surfactant do?
Reduces surface tension of the fluid to help the alveoli from collapsing
The disease that makes the bronchial tree overly sensitive to irritants
Asthma
Three lung parts.
Base, apex, convex
Area between the lungs.
Mediastinum
Contains most thoracic contents
Mediastinum
Well defined regions of the lungs
Lobes
Two left lung lobes.
Caudal and cranial
Four lobes of the right lung.
Caudal, cranial, middle and accessory
A small, well defined area where blood, lymph, and nerves enter and leave the lung. Only spot fastened in place.
Hillus
The one animal that has one lobe only of lung.
Horse
Blood supply two and from the lungs
Pulmonary circulation
The artery blood uses to enter the lungs.
Pulmonary
How are fetal lungs different that out spongy lungs?
They are more solid like a liver
Lower respiratory tract infection.
Pneumonia, bronchitis
Chest cavity
Thorax
Thin membrane that covers the thoracic cavity
Pleura
Portion between the thorax and lungs
Mediastinum
Pulling air into lungs
Inspiration
Blowing air out
Expiration
What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed.
Some shaped
Spaces between the ribs.
Intercostal spaces
What causes air to be pushed out?
Diaphram deflating
Two types of main exhalation muscles
Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
Volume of air inspired and expired in one breath
Tidal volume
Amount of air inspired and expired during one minute
Minute volume
A,out of air left in the lungs after maximum respiration
Residue volume
What pressure funds gas exchange?
Diffusion of gas molecules from high concentration to low concentration
The pressure of each individual gas
Partial pressure
Also known as the respiratory center
Medulla
Two main systems that control breathing.
Mechanical system and chemical system
Operates through stretch receptors in the lungs that tells the maximum inhalation amount,
Mechanical control
Three characteristics of chemical mechanism
Oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, ph
What’s the purpose of chemical mechanism?
To signal the medulla to fix the ph, O2 or CO2 levels
Parts of the upper respiratory tract
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea
