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Anatomy > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three different types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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1
Q

Muscles are one of four….

A

Main tissues of the body

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2
Q

Where is the one place the cardiac muscle is found?

A

In the heart

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3
Q

Where are smooth muscles found?

A

Eyes, reproductive tract, lungs, bladder, intestines and stomach

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4
Q

What do smooth muscles control?

A

Unconscious functions of the internal body to keep us working properly

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5
Q

What do skeletal muscles do?

A

Control our movement of bones and limbs

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6
Q

The ________ system gives orders, the ________system carries them out?

A

Nervous, muscle

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7
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Features you can see with the naked eye

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8
Q

The thick, central portion of muscles

A

Belly

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9
Q

What attaches muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

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10
Q

The more stable site of attachment in muscle that does not usually move when muscles contract?

A

Origin of the muscle

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11
Q

The site of muscle attachment, usually more distal, that does all the moving?

A

Insertion of the muscle

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12
Q

What are cutaneous muscles?

A

Skin muscles

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13
Q

What are head and neck muscles responsible for?

A

Eye, ear, facial expressions, chewing, supporting the head and moving the neck

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14
Q

Why do flexor muscles of the neck and head not have to be strong?

A

Gravity helps

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15
Q

What are abdominal muscles responsible for?

A

Protecting organs, arching our back, vomiting, defecation, urinating, regurgitation

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16
Q

What are thoracic limb muscles responsible for?

A

Limb functions and movements

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17
Q

What are pelvic limb muscles responsible for?

A

Hip movement, movement (walking and running)

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18
Q

What do muscles of respiration do?

A

Push air in and out of the lungs

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19
Q

What are unique about skeletal muscle anatomy?

A

They are large, skinny but long, have more than on nucleus

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20
Q

What are myofibers?

A

Make up muscle fibers (tightly packed together muscles)

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21
Q

Two main particles that make up myofibers?

A

Actin and myosin filaments

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22
Q

Process of a muscle shrinking?

A

Atrophy.

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23
Q

Place where motor nerve functions attach to muscle fibers?

A

Neuromuscular function

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24
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One nerve fiber and all muscle fibers attached to it?

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25
Q

Why are there so many muscles attached to one nerve?

A

There would need to be many nerve impulses to control the body

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26
Q

Fat deposits visible in meat

A

Marbling

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27
Q

Myosin fibers overlap a little during _________ but overlap in cross bridges during _________

A

Relaxation, contraction

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28
Q

The idea of a muscle contracting completely when it receives a nerve impulse or not contracting at all

A

All or nothing principle

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29
Q

What is muscle memory?

A

The ability for your nervous system to remember the power and movement necessary to do specific activities

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30
Q

The “pacemaker”

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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31
Q

Why does the pacemaker have such control over things?

A

It’s rate is so much faster

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32
Q

What do sympathetic nerves control?

A

Stimulate the heart to beat faster and harder (fight or flight)

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33
Q

What are parasympathetic fiber nerves responsible for?

A

Inhibiting cardiac function

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34
Q

Why is the smooth muscle an unconscious muscle?

A

It is involuntary.

35
Q

What are the two main gross anatomy forms of the smooth muscle?

A

Large sheets of cells in organs and small discrete groups of cells

36
Q

How are smooth muscles shaped?

A

Small and spindled with one nucleus

37
Q

Where are visceral smooth muscles found?

A

In the walls of soft, internal organs

38
Q

How are smooth muscles like cardiac muscles?

A

The nerve supply is not required to initiate contractions, but only modifies them–they contact without the need for external stimulation

39
Q

Where are multi unit smooth muscles found?

A

In small, delicate places like the iris, small passageways in the lungs, walls of blood vessels

40
Q

Four properties of muscle?

A

Excitability, contractibility, extensibility, elasticity

41
Q

What is excitability?

A

Responses to neurotransmitters

42
Q

What is extensibility?

A

The ability to stretch without tearing

43
Q

What is elasticity?

A

Can return to regular shape after being stretched

44
Q

Where are intercalated disks found?

A

At the ends connecting cardiac muscle cells

45
Q

Which two muscle types are striated?

A

Cardiac and skeletal muscles

46
Q

What are the two types of smooth muscles?

A

Visceral and multi unit smooth muscles

47
Q

What are visceral smooth muscles in charge of?

A

Wave like contractions (digestion)

48
Q

What are multi unit smooth muscles responsible for?

A

Small contractions (eye twitching)

49
Q

Thick central portion of the muscle

A

Belly

50
Q

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

51
Q

Connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

A

Ligament

52
Q

Sheets of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or muscle to muscle

A

Aponeurosis

53
Q

A ring of muscle

A

Sphincter

54
Q

Connective tissue on external surface of muscle

A

Fascia

55
Q

Surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

56
Q

Surrounds bundles of 10-100 muscle fibers

A

Perimysium

57
Q

Separates individual muscle cells/fibers

A

Endomysium

58
Q

Bundles of muscle tissue

A

Fascicles

59
Q

What does calcium do to the binding sites before contracting?

A

Removes “mittens” from binding sites so “Shannon” can hold on

60
Q

What supplies energy for the ratcheting of contracting muscles?

A

ATP

61
Q

What pulls calcium out of the triad to supply calcium for contracting?

A

Acetal Coline

62
Q

Enzymes that breaks down acetal Coline to stop it from dumping out calcium.

A

Acetal Coline esterase (ach ese)

63
Q

What do prostaglandins do?

A

Control inflammation, regulating blood supply to kidneys, maintaining estrus, maintaining GI tract health

64
Q

Thick filaments of muscle

A

Myosin

65
Q

Thin muscle fibers

A

Actin

66
Q

The filament that covers binding sites that won’t let myosin and actin “hold hands” to contract

A

Tropamyosin

67
Q

Three stages of contractions?

A

Excitation, contraction, relaxation

68
Q

The amount of Ca in the muscle is determined by level of Ca in….

A

Blood

69
Q

Signs of hypercalcemia?

A

Lethargy, PU/PD, muscle weakness

70
Q

Signs of hypcalcemia?

A

Tremors and weakness, ataxia, inability to stand

71
Q

Where is sacrolemma?

A

Cell membrane

72
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

Stiffness of death- muscles contraction and can’t relax again

73
Q

What exposes the contraction binding sites that allow actin and myosin heads to hold hands?

A

Calcium

74
Q

During relaxation, what pumps Ca back into the storage area to cover up binding sites again?

A

Active transport pump

75
Q

Why is ATP present in contraction?

A

Is the energy that moves myosin to attach to actin and ratchet the muscle to make the fiber appear shorter

76
Q

Three sources of ATP in muscles?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration, ADP to ATP, anaerobic respiration

77
Q

How do we control the strength of muscle contractions?

A

Control the number of muscle fibers that contract

78
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

Muscle ability to be firm without physically contracting (legs, neck staying up)

79
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Wasting away of muscles

80
Q

What is hyper trophy?

A

Increase in diameter of muscle fibers

81
Q

How do muscles create heat?

A

Shivering

82
Q

How do cardiac muscles move?

A

In a wave like function to send messages

83
Q

How many nucleus does a cardiac muscle have?

A

One

84
Q

What are visceral movements responsible for?

A

Big movements-your but

85
Q

What are multi unit smooth muscles responsible for?

A

Small movements

Anatomy (11 decks)

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