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Anatomy > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Two layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous and serous pericardium

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2
Q

Tough,fibrous connective tissue that protects the heart

A

Fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

Made up of visceral and parietal layers that allows the heart to smoothly expand and contract

A

Serous pericardium

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4
Q

Outside layer of the heart

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

The thin membrane lining between the myocardium and chambers of the heart

A

Endocardium

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6
Q

Where does the heart receive deoxygenated blood from?

A

Tissues of the body

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7
Q

Cardiac contraction

A

Systole

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8
Q

Where does blood become oxygenated?

A

In pulmonary capillaries

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9
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A

At the top where the blood vessels enter and exit the heart

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10
Q

Auricle

A

Ear

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11
Q

Look like the floppy ears hanging over the ventricles

A

Auricles

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12
Q

Borders of the ventricles are separated by..

A

Intraventicular grooves

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13
Q

The most visible parts of the atrias

A

Auricles

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14
Q

Why do the walls of the atria less sturdy and thick?

A

Blood returning is under low pressure

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15
Q

Vessels that merge together and increase in diameter become the ______ veins that carry blood to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary

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16
Q

The largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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17
Q

The artery that supplies the lungs

A

Pulmonary

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18
Q

Where does the aorta emerge from?

A

Left ventricle

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19
Q

Contains the highest amount of blood pressure in a vessel

A

Aorta

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20
Q

Tricuspid

A

Three flaps

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21
Q

Connects the free edges of the valvular flaps to the papillary muscles

A

Chordae tendinae

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22
Q

A band of tissue that connected to the outside walls of the right ventricle

A

Moderator band

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23
Q

Known as the pulmonic valve the prevents backward flow of blood from the pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary valve

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24
Q

The valve between the left atrium and left vesicle

A

Mitral (atrioventricular) valve

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25
Q

The valve that has only two flaps

A

Mitral

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26
Q

The last valve the oxygenated blood passes through on the way to the coronary and systemic arteries

A

Aortic valve

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27
Q

Each cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart is called

A

Cardiac cycle

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28
Q

The two main parts to the cardiac cycle

A

Systole and diastole

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29
Q

During this stage, the heart muscle contracts and blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles and then to the arteries

A

Systole

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30
Q

During this stage, the heart relaxes and refills with blood

A

Diastole

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31
Q

The impulse for a heart beat comes from the

A

Sinoatrial node

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32
Q

The pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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33
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cations

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34
Q

How does the SA node create an electrical charge?

A

By passing the cations across the outer ,embrace of its cells. Cations are pumped out of the cell during polarization and the outside of the cell now has a higher charge. Cations floe back in to equal the charge during depolarization.

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35
Q

_______ of the heart creates a charge the same way batteries do

A

Depolarization

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36
Q

Two routes electrical currents generated by the SA node travel

A

Fast route -AV node and purkinje fibers and Slow Route-rest of the cardiac muscles

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37
Q

In what form do electrical charges travel?

A

Like a wave

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38
Q

Steps of the cardiac cycle

A

SA node depolarizes and atria and ventricles relax, atria contracts, ventricles contract, begin diastole

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39
Q

Main difference between a fetus and animal circulating blood

A

Dam uses lungs, fetus uses dam

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40
Q

Because a fetuses lungs only need blood to grow,volt to breathe, where does blood flow around instead of through

A

The pulmonary artery

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41
Q

The fetus receives oxygen through the…

A

Placenta

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42
Q

The umbilical cord is called a vein because

A

It flows blood towards the heart

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43
Q

Listening to the heart

A

Auscultation

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44
Q

I’m dogs and cats,the heart lies

A

Between the third and seventh rib

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45
Q

Lub dub

A

s1 and s2

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46
Q

The step of mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole

A

S1

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47
Q

The step where the aortic and pulmonic valve close at the beginning of diastole

A

S2

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48
Q

The ____ valve is easiest to hear on the _____ because it exits the left ventricle

A

Aortic, left

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49
Q

The ______ valve is easiest to hear on the _____ because the valve exits the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary, left

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50
Q

Due to rapid ventricular filling

A

S3

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51
Q

Due to contraction of the atria

A

s4

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52
Q

The amount of blood that leave the heart

A

Cardiac output

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53
Q

Two factors that determine cardiac output

A

Stroke volume and heart rate

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54
Q

The law stating that when increased filling,of the heart takes place, it results in increased contraction resulting in a stretch of ventricle muscles

A

Starlings law

55
Q

Measures electrical current of the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

56
Q

By measuring then_____ and ______ of Electrocardiogram waves, abnormalities can be found

A

Height and width

57
Q

Arteries that travel up and supply the head and neck

A

Carotid arteries

58
Q

Most common vein used for venipuncture

A

Jugular

59
Q

15% of blood volume is found in your….

A

Lungs, pulmonary

60
Q

80% of blood volume is found….

A

In systemic circulation

61
Q

5% of blood supply is found….

A

In your heart

62
Q

Functions of blood:

A

Maintains normal blood pressure, maintains blood flow to tissue, deliveries oxygen and nutrients to the body

63
Q

Transport blood away from heart

A

Arteries

64
Q

Return blood to the heart.

A

Veins

65
Q

Arterial and venous, fine and thin, located in organs

A

Capillaries

66
Q

Outer layer around the heart

A

Pericardium

67
Q

Heart muscle

A

Myocardium

68
Q

Thin membrane lining the inside of the heart

A

Endocardium

69
Q

Upper

A

Atria

70
Q

Receive and hold venous blood

A

Atria

71
Q

Lower

A

Ventricle

72
Q

Pu,mp blood away from the heart

A

Ventricles

73
Q

Which atrium is thicker and larger myocardium?

A

Left, needs to work harder

74
Q

The pacemaker

A

SA node

75
Q

The LAMB valve.

A

Left, atrioventricular, mitral, bicuspid valve

76
Q

The RAT valve.

A

Right, atrioventricular, tricuspid valve

77
Q

Right bottom valve that leads to the lungs

A

Pulmonic valve

78
Q

Left bottom valve leading to the body.

A

Aortic valve

79
Q

Normal cardiac rhythm is called…

A

Sinus rhythm

80
Q

Functions of blood.

A

Maintain flow to tissue and maintain blood pressure

81
Q

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation is controlled by what?

A

Autonomic nervous system

82
Q

Red pathways

A

Arteries

83
Q

Blue pathways

A

Veins

84
Q

These return blood to the heart

A

Vein

85
Q

Located in organs that are arterial and venous

A

Capillaries

86
Q

Move blood away from heart

A

Arteries

87
Q

Heart muscle

A

Myocardium

88
Q

The thin membrane lining the heart

A

Endocardium

89
Q

These chambers of the heart receive and hold venous blood.

A

Atria

90
Q

These chambers of the heart pump blood away from the heart

A

Ventricles

91
Q

This ventricle is thicker because it works harder.

A

Left ventricle

92
Q

The two entrance valves.

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid

93
Q

The exit valves in the heart

A

Pulmonic, aortic

94
Q

Right ventricle constricts and tricuspid valve closes.

A

Systole

95
Q

These Arteries and veins supply the heart with blood.

A

Coronary

96
Q

Largest artery I’m the body.

A

Aorta

97
Q

Right atrioventricular valve name

A

Tricuspid

98
Q

Left atrioventricular valve name.

A

Mitral

99
Q

The two semilunar valves.

A

Aortic and pulmonic

100
Q

Heart relaxes and refills with blood again.

A

Diastole

101
Q

When pressure in the ventricle is greater than the atria, the atrioventricular valve closes.

A

Lub

102
Q

When the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the aorta and pulmonary artery, the semilunar valves open allowing blood to leave. Then the semilunar valves close again.

A

Dub sound

103
Q

What determines heart rate?

A

Body temperature, autonomic nervous system, brain stem

104
Q

Why do EKGs work?

A

Body fluids conduct electrical currents that can be detected on body surfaces

105
Q

What is normal cardiac rhythm called?

A

Sinus rhythm

106
Q

Pvcs

A

Premature ventricular contraction

107
Q

Pacs

A

Premature atrial contraction

108
Q

Stroke volume x heart rate

A

Cardiac output

109
Q

Effects of increasing stroke volume

A

Increased force of contraction

110
Q

Bypasses in fetal circulation keep blood out of where?

A

Pulmonary circulation

111
Q

Where does a fetus receive oxygen from?

A

Placenta

112
Q

Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta to which vein?

A

Umbilical vein

113
Q

After the blood travels from the placenta goes through the umbilical vein, where does it go?

A

Through the liver and the ductus venosus into the caudal vena cava

114
Q

After blood travels through the placenta, through the umbilical vein, through the liver and the ductus venosus into the caudal vena cava where does it go?

A

It enters the right atrium to the left atrium through the foraminifera ovals

115
Q

How is deoxygenated blood sent back to the placenta?

A

Umbilical arteries

116
Q

What happens to the fetal circulation after birth?

A

The ductus venosus constricts and the forsaken ovale and ductus arteriosus close.

117
Q

Do veins or arteries have thinner walls?

A

Veins

118
Q

Bp ______ with systole and _______ with diastole.

A

Increases, decreases

119
Q

First main branch from the aorta.

A

brachiocephalic trunk

120
Q

Where does the caudal mesenteric artery.

A

To the remainder of the large intestine

121
Q

What do the external iliac artery supply?

A

Abdominal wall, scrotum, mammary glands

122
Q

What does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

Pelvis, hip and genetalia

123
Q

Runs across the mandible and is used to take the pulse in horses.

A

Facial artery

124
Q

Where is the lingual vein located?

A

Under the tongue

125
Q

Two types of heart murmurs.

A

Valvular, stenosis

126
Q

Smoothing sound of heart due to valves not completely closing.

A

Valvular

127
Q

Type of heart murmur caused by a narrow valve opening and decreased amount of blood flow,

A

Stenosis

128
Q

Thinning of heart muscle and increased size of chambers.

A

Dilated

129
Q

Thickened heart muscles which decrease size of chambers.

A

Hypertrophic

130
Q

Heart muscle classification most common in dogs.

A

Dilated

131
Q

Diseased heart muscle classification most common in cats.

A

Hypertrophic

132
Q

Type of shock categorized as heart pump failure And decreased blood pressure

A

Cardiogenic shock

133
Q

Type of shock categorized as loss of blood volume, pale mm, increased heart rate and decreased by

A

Hypovolemic shock

Anatomy (11 decks)

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