Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Five functions of the digestive system?

A

Grasping food with teeth, chewing up food, chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mastication

A

Grinding up of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens if the digestive system does not work properly?

A

Cannot gain weight, loose weight, die of malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Four layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscle layer, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The connective tissue that suspends The digestive tube in the abdomen and supplies blood, lymph vessels and nerves to the GI tract

A

Mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two types of muscles that make up the digestive tube?

A

Skeletal and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This TYPE of muscle is the voluntary function that allows chewing, breaking down food with saliva and swallowing

A

Skeletal muscles of the GI tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contraction of the _________ muscle fibers narrow the segments of the GI tube

A

Circular muscle fibers (smooth muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contraction of the _______ muscle fibers shorten the segments of the tube

A

Longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two main smooth muscle contractions of the GI system?

A

Segmental (mixing up contents In the GI tract) and peristalsis (move contents along the GI tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Also called the buccal cavity

A

Mouth cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key structures of the buccal cavity

A

Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard and soft palates, oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anything pertaining to the lips

A

Labial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The three matching pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid glands, mandibular glands, sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are carnivorous and herbivore teeth different?

A

More pointed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The grasping teeth

A

Incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tearing teeth

A

Canines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cutting teeth

A

Premolars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Grinding teeth

A

Molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inside surface of the teeth on the lower mandible that faces towards the tongue….

A

Lingual surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The outer surface of both front maxilla and mandible teeth facing the lips

A

Labial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The outer surface of cheek teeth

A

Buccal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The typical number of teeth found in both rows of teeth

A

Dental formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Center of the tooth with blood and nerve supply

A

The pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Surrounds and protects the pulp

A

Dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The low point of the tooth where blood and nerves enter

A

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The top of the tooth showing

A

Crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

And enzyme found in omnivores saliva that carnivores do not have that break up amylose

A

Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An enzyme that breaks up fat

A

Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The nerve stimulation that produces dry mouth

A

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Another word for throat

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The area where the esophagus enters the stomach

A

Cardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Single stomach

A

Mono gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

More than one stomach chamber

A

Ruminant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The section directly to the left of the Cardia of the stomach that expands as we eat more

A

Fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The “middle” of the Stomach that is also distendable

A

Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The glands of the fundus/body stomach area contain three main cells…

A

Parietal cells, cheif cells, mucous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The part of the stomach that is distal and grinds up food

A

Pyloric Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Digested stomach contents

A

Chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The muscular ring of the sphincter that controls movement of chyme from moving the wrong way

A

Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The first entrance to the intestine from the stomach

A

Duodenum

42
Q

How should an empty stomach look?

A

Pink, glistening from mucous

43
Q

Deep erosions cause….

A

Gastric ulcers

44
Q

Where does the GI tract extend to?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and anus

45
Q

How many stomach do ruminates have?

A

Four

46
Q

What is rumination?

A

Chewing of cud, regurgitation and re-chewing

47
Q

Names of the four ruminant stomachs

A

Abomasum, reticulum, rumen, omasum

48
Q

The smallest and most cranial stomach in ruminates?

A

Reticulum

49
Q

The large, fermenting stomach chamber that converts the food into energy and breaks down food.

A

Rumen

50
Q

Where most nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream?

A

Small intestine

51
Q

Three segments of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

52
Q

Villi and micro villi (fingers) make up the…

A

Brush border

53
Q

These waves control contraction and movement in the intestines

A

Peristaltic waves

54
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestines

55
Q

Gastr/o

A

Relating to the stomach

56
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

57
Q

Ingestion of food

A

Prehension

58
Q

Also called chewing

A

Mastication

59
Q

In teeth formulas, lowercase letters are…

A

Baby teeth

60
Q

In teeth formulas, capital letters mean…

A

Permanent teeth

61
Q

Covers the crown of the tooth

A

Enamel

62
Q

Gums around the teeth

A

Gingiva

63
Q

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

A

Below ear canal, caudal to mandible

64
Q

Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?

A

Between left and right halves of mandible

65
Q

Where is lingual salivary glands located?

A

Under base of rouge

66
Q

After food is ingested, it is in the form of a _____ in the esophagus

A

Bonus

67
Q

No major nutrient absorption is done in the…

A

Stomach

68
Q

Parietal glands in the fundus and body of the stomach produce…

A

Hydrochloric acid

69
Q

Chief in the fundus and body of the stomach produce…

A

Pepsiogen that breaks down protein

70
Q

Mucous cells in the fundus and body of the stomach produce…

A

Protective Mucous

71
Q

G cells in the pyloric Antrum produce…

A

Gastrin hormones which release HCl from parietal cells

72
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

2-3 ph

73
Q

Breaks in the surface of the mucous of the stomach lining.

A

Erosions

74
Q

Best method to change diets ?

A

Gradually introduce food over 5-7 days

75
Q

Main function of the large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum)?

A

Recover fluid and electrolytes and to store feces until elimination

76
Q

Layers of the intestinal tract from deep to superficial?

A

Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscle layer, serosa

77
Q

Slowing or stopping of peristaltic movement

A

ileus

78
Q

Purpose of the small intestines

A

Digests nutrients, absorbing nutrients

79
Q

Which segment of the small intestine does the most digesting?

A

Duodenum

80
Q

Purpose of the pancreas?

A

Exocrine function: produce enzymes, and endocrine: produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

81
Q

Breaks down carbs into simple sugars

A

Amylase

82
Q

Enzymes that digest fat into smaller molecules?

A

Lipase

83
Q

Purpose of the liver?

A

Produces bile acids, filters toxins, produces glucose, stores nutrients

84
Q

Function of the gall bladder?

A

To store bile produced by the liver and deliver it to the small intestine

85
Q

Which animals don’t have a gall bladder

A

Horses and rats

86
Q

Purpose of rectum and anus?

A

Storing feces and defecation

87
Q

Common causes of vomitting?

A

Stress, foreign body obstruction, infection

88
Q

Common causes of diarrheal?

A

Diet change, parasites, stress, infection

89
Q

When in vomit and diarrhea concerning?

A

Blood, animal can’t keep water down, frequency is more than five times and hour

90
Q

Ingestion of feces

A

Coprophagia

91
Q

Craving non-food items

A

Pica

92
Q

What is gastric dilation volvulus?

A

Bloat (twisting stomach)

93
Q

What breaks down cellulose in the stomach of herbivores during fermentation?

A

Microbes

94
Q

How do hindgut fermenters work?

A

One stomach for mixing, a large hindgut for fermentation and digestion (horses, swine,sheep, guinea pigs)

95
Q

The true stomach

A

Abomasum

96
Q

Where of the digestive tract do we need strong and thick epithelium?

A

Around the entrances and exits

97
Q

Voluntary muscles (mouth, pharynx)

A

Skeletal

98
Q

Involuntary muscles (intestine, esophagus)

A

Smooth

99
Q

Difference between herbivore and carnivore teeth?

A

Carnivores are pointed for tearing, herbivores have flat teeth for grinding

100
Q

Material below the gums “cementing” the teeth in

A

Cementum

101
Q

Material covering the part of the tooth that is above gums

A

Enamel

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions