Skeletal System

Question 0

What is the most abundant cartilage

Answer 0

Hyaline cartilage

Question 1

The human skeleton is initially what?

Answer 1

Cartilages and fibrous membranes

Question 2

How many bones make up the adult skeleton?

Answer 2

206

Question 3

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

80

Question 4

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

126

Question 5

Bone functions:

Answer 5

–Support and protect softer tissues –Provide points of attachment for muscles –Produce blood cells –Storing organic salts

Question 6

Parts of a long bone

Answer 6

–epiphysis – diaphysis – metaphysis – compact bone (cortical bone) – spongy bone (cancellous bone) – articular bone – periosteum – endosperm – medullary cavity (bone marrow)

Question 7

Function of epiphysis (part of long bone)

Answer 7

Either end of a long bone

Question 8

Diaphysis (Part of a long bone)

Answer 8

Shaft of a long bone

Question 9

Compact bone (Part of a long bone)

Answer 9

?

Question 10

Bone cell osteocytes

Answer 10

Mature bone cell; transports nutrients and wastes; reside in lacunae within the trabeculae

Question 11

Osteoblast

Answer 11

Bone-forming cell

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

Bone destroying cells

Question 13

Spongy bone

Answer 13

?

Question 14

Articular cartilage

Answer 14

?

Question 15

Periosteum

Answer 15

?

Question 16

Endosteum

Answer 16

?

Question 17

Medullary cavity

Answer 17

Bone marrow red and yellow;

Question 18

Parts of a compact bone

Answer 18

– osteon – haversian system – central canal – perforating canal – Volkmann’s canal – osteocytes – lamellae – bone matrix – canaliculi

Question 19

Spongy bone

Answer 19

Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone

Question 20

Bones form when Bone tissue replaces existing connective tissue in one of two ways

Answer 20

Intramembranous bones Endichondral bones

Question 21

–These bones originate with sheet like layers of connective tissues (membrane) –they are broad flat, bones

Answer 21

Intramembranous ossification

Question 22

–Bones begin as hyaline cartilage – firm models for future blend – these are most bones of the skeleton

Answer 22

Endochondral ossification

Question 23

Closest to the end of epiphysis, resting cells, anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis

Answer 23

Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)

Question 24

Many rows of young cells, undergoing mitosis

Answer 24

Zone of proliferating cartilage (2nd layer of cells)

Question 25

Older cells, left behind when new cells appear, cells enlarging and becoming calcified

Answer 25

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage (3rd layer of cells)

Question 26

Thing, dead cells, calcified extracellular matrix

Answer 26

Zone if calcified cartilage (4th layer of cells)

Question 27

Action of osteoclasts

Answer 27

Bone resorption action of osteoblasts

Question 28

Action of osteoblasts

Answer 28

Bone deposition

Question 29

Retards bone development

Answer 29

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 30

Results in fragile bones

Answer 30

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 31

Tickets, osteomalacia

Answer 31

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 32

Dwarfism

Answer 32

Insufficient growth hormone

Question 33

Gigantism, acromegaly

Answer 33

Excessive growth hormone

Question 34

Delays bone growth

Answer 34

Insufficient thyroid hormone

Question 35

Promote bone formation; stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates

Answer 35

Sex hormones

Question 36

Stimulated bone growth

Answer 36

Physical stress

Question 37

– gives shape to head –supports body’s weight – protects lungs, ect. – bones and muscles interact when limbs or body parts move

Answer 37

Support, protection and movement

Question 38

Blood cell formation occurs in the red bone marrow

Answer 38

Hematopoiesis

Question 39

Most abundant salt is calcium phosphate Other salts: magnesium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, carbonate ions

Answer 39

Inorganic salt storage

Question 40

A condition that results from loss of bone mineral

Answer 40

Osteoporosis

Question 41

• skull -hyoid bone - thoracic cage - cerebral column

Answer 41

Axial skeleton

Question 42

• Pectoral girdle - upper limbs - pelvic girdle - lower limbs

Answer 42

Appendicular skeleton

Question 43

7 vertebrae in this column

Answer 43

Cervical vertebrae

Question 44

12 vertebrae in this column

Answer 44

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 45

4-5 fused segments in this vertebral column

Answer 45

Sacral column

Question 46

3-4 fused segments in this vertebral column

Answer 46

Coccygeal column

Question 47

Curvatures of the vertebral column

Answer 47

-cervical curvature - thoracic curvature - lumbar curvature - sacral curvature