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TEAS SCIENCE PORTION > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cells type in the neural tissue and does many other functions

A

Neurological cells

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1
Q

A cell type in neural tissue that transmit impulses

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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3
Q

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

Sensory receptors gather information and informant ions carried to the CNS

A

Sensory function.

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5
Q

Sensory information used to create sensations, memory, thoughts, decisions

A

Integrative function.

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6
Q

Decisions are acted upon

Impulses are carried to effectors

A

Motor functions

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7
Q

A division of motor functions of PNS- transmits impulses to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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8
Q

Division of motor functions if PNS- transmits impulses to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands

A

Autonomic

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9
Q

Part of a neuron in the nervous system- transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitter to another neuron or effector

A

Axon

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10
Q

Axons which are tightly wrapped by neuroglial cells which are termed what?

A

Myelinated

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11
Q

Contains myelinated axons

Considered fiver tracts

A

White matter

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12
Q

Contains I myelinated structures

-cell bodies, dentrites

A

Gray matter

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13
Q

Due to structural differences, neurons can be classified into 3 major groups

A

Bipolar neurons
Unipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons

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14
Q

Two processes

Eyes, ears, nose

A

Bipolar neurons

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15
Q

One process
Ganglia of PNS
sensory

A

Unipolar neurons

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16
Q 
Classification of neurons: 
Afferent
Carry impulse to CNS
Most are unipolar
Some are bipolar
Ex: from senses to CNS
A

Sensory neurons

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17
Q 
Classification of neurons;
Links neurons 
Multipolar
Located in the CNS
Found inside brain and spinal cord
A

Interneurons

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18
Q

Classification of neurons:
Multipolar
Cary impulses away from CNS
Carry impulses to effectors

A

Motor neurons

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19
Q

Types of neuroglial cells in the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependyma or ependymal
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20
Q
  • scar tissue
  • aid metabolism if certain substances
  • induce synapse formation
  • connect neurons to blood vessels
  • part of blood brain barrier
A

Astrocytes

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21
Q

Myelinating cell

A

Oligodendrocytes

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22
Q

Phagocytize cell

A

Microglia

23
Q

Ciliated
Line central canal of spinal cord
Line ventricles of brain

A

Ependyma or ependymal

24
Q

Types of neuroglial cells in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

25
Q

Produces myelin found on peripheral myelinated neurons and Soren up neurotransmission

A

Schwann cells (PNS)

26
Q

Support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)

A

Satellite cells (PNS)

27
Q

Neurons can not divide

If cell body is injured, the neuron usually if a peripheral axon is injured it may regenerate

A

Neuroglia and axonal regeneration

28
Q

If it transmits neurons toward the post neuron

A

Pre-synaptic neuron

29
Q

When transmitters are going away from the post

A

Post- synaptic neuron

30
Q

Are released when impulse reaches synaptic knob

A

Neurotransmitters

31
Q

A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect of the outside of the membrane ( which is then positively charged)

This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and outside of the membrane

A

Cell membrane potential

32
Q

Potassium K+ ions are the major intercellular positive ions (cations)

A

.

33
Q

Sodium Na+ ions are the major extracellular positive ions

A

.

34
Q

A polarized membrane and inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside of the cell

A

Resting membrane potential (RMP)

35
Q 
Caused by various stimuli:
Temperature changes
Light
Pressure
Chanel's are 1: chemically gated 2: voltage gated or 3; mechanically gated
A

Local potential changes

36
Q

At rest the membrane is polarized

A

RMP= -70

37
Q

Sodium channels open and membrane does what?2

A

Depolarize

38
Q

Potassium leaves cytoplasm and membrane does what?

A

Re polarizes (+30)

39
Q

Brief Period of what (-90)

A

Hyper polarization

40
Q

As Na+ moves into the membrane depolarizes until it reaches +30 mV

A

Action potential

41
Q

As membrane potential drops below -70mV the membrane is what?

A

Hyper polarized

42
Q

K+ moves out of membrane and then does what?

A

Repolarizes

43
Q

Is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to and axon

A

Nerve impulse

44
Q

If a neuron axon responds at all, it responds completely- with an action potential

A

Nerve impulse

45
Q

All impulses carried on an axon are what?

A

The same strength

46
Q

Myelinated axons transmit impulses through what? Which is faster than impulses along unmyelinated axons.

A

Saltatory conduction

47
Q

1st event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

Nerve cell membrane maintains resting potential by diffusion of Na+ down their concentration gradients as the cell pumps

48
Q

2nd event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

Neurons receive stimulation, causing local potentials, which may sum to reach threshold

49
Q

3rd event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

Sodium channels in the trigger zone in the axon open

50
Q

4th event leading to nerve impuls conduction

A

Sodium ions defused inward, depolarizing the membrane

51
Q

5th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

Potassium channels in the membrane open

52
Q

6th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

Potassium ions diffuse outward, repolarizing the membrane

53
Q

7th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

A

The resulting action potential causes an electric current that stimulates adjacent portions of the membrane

54
Q

8th event leading to impulse conduction

A

Action potentials occur sequentially along the length of the axon as nerve impulse

TEAS SCIENCE PORTION (10 decks)

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