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TEAS SCIENCE PORTION > Nervous System II > Flashcards

Nervous System II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q 
One layer of meninges,
Outer
Venous sinuses
Flax
Duran sinus
Epidural space
A

Dura matter

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1
Q

Membrans of the CNS
Protects the CNS
has three layers:
Dura mater. Arachnoid Mater. Pia mater

A

Meninges

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2
Q

One layer of meninges
Middle
Space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Arachnoid mater

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3
Q

One layer of meninges
Inner
Blood vessels
Nourishes CNS

A

Pia mater

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4
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

4

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5
Q

Interconnected cavities within cerebral hemispheres and brain stem. Continuous within the central canal of the spinal cord.
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

Clear fluid, volume is about 140 ml
Circulates in ventricles, centralncanal of spinal cord and the subarachnoid space
Completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Nutritive and protective
Helps maintain stable ion concentrations in the CNS

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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7
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

Center for spinal reflexes

Conduit (pathway) for impulses to and from the brain

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8
Q

Automatic, subconscious responses to stimuli within or outside the body

A

Reflexes

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9
Q

Simple reflex arc

A

Sensory and motor

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10
Q

Most common reflex arc

A

Sensory, association , and motor

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11
Q

Reflex arc example cycle

A

Receptor&raquo_space;» central nervous system&raquo_space;»> effector (muscle of gland)

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12
Q

Sensitive to a specific type of internal exchange

A

Receptor

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13
Q

Conducts an impulse from the receptor into the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory neutron

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14
Q

Serves as processing center. Contexts am impulse from the sensory neuron to its synapse with a motor neuron

A

Interneuron

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15
Q

Conducts skim pulse from the brain or spinal cord out to the synapse with an effector

A

Motor neuron

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16
Q

Responds to stimulation by the motor neuron and produces the reflex or behavioral action

A

Effector

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17
Q

Functions of the brain

A 
Interprets sensations 
Determines perception
Stores memory
Reasoning
Making decision coordinates muscular movements
Regulates visceral activities
Determines personality
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18
Q

Four major parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

Cerebellum

Brainstem

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19
Q 
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Occipital lobes
Temporal lobes
Insula
A

Cerebrum

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20
Q

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

A

Brainstem

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21
Q

2 halves, separated by flax cerebri

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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22
Q

Connects the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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23
Q

Ridges or convolutions

A

Gyri

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24
Q

Shallow grooves in surface

A

Sulci

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25
Q

Deep grooves in the service

A

Fissures

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26
Q

Separates the cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissures

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27
Q

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Transverse fissure

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28
Q

5 lobes of cerebrum

A 
Frontal 
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula (island of reil)
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29
Q
  • interprets impulses
  • initiates voluntary movements
  • stores information as memory
  • retrieves stored information
  • reasoning
  • seat of intelligence of personality
A

Functions of the cerebrum

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30
Q

Thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum
Contains 75% of all neurons in the nervous system

A

Cerebral Cortex

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31
Q

Sensory areas (6)

A 
Cutaneous sensory area 
Sensory speech area 
Visual area
Auditory area 
Sensory area for taste
Sensory area for smell
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32
Q

Sensory area in the parietal lobe and interprets sensations on skin

A

Cutaneous sensory area

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33
Q

Sensory area in temporal/ parietal lobe, usually left hemisphere ( in Wernicke’s area) understands and formulating language

A

Sensory speech area

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34
Q

Sensory area in the occipital lobe, it interprets vision

A

Visual Sensory area

35
Q

Sensory area in the Temporal lobe that interpreters hearing

A

Auditory area

36
Q

Sensory area near the base of the central sulcus

A

Sensory area for taste

37
Q

Sensory area that arises from centers deep within the cerebrum

A

Sensory area for smell

38
Q

4 association areas

A
  • Frontal lobe association areas
  • Parietal lobe association areas
  • Temporal lobe association areas
  • occipital lobe association areas
39
Q

Association area that does: Concentration, Planning and complex problem solving

A

Frontal lobe association area

40
Q

Association area that understands speech and chooses words to express thoughts

A

Parietal lobe association areas

41
Q

Association area that interprets complex sensory experiences and stores memories of visual senses, music, and complex patterns

A

Temporal lobe association areas

42
Q

Association area that analyzes and combines visual images with other sensory experiences

A

Occipital lobe association areas

43
Q

Primary motor areas

A

Frontal loves, Control voluntary muscles

44
Q

anterior to primary motor cortex, usually in the left hemisphere and controls muscles needed for speech

A

Broca’s area

45
Q

Above Broca’s area and controls voluntary movement of eyes and eyelids

A

Frontal eye field

46
Q

association areas carry on higher intellectual processes for concentration, planning, complex problem solving and judging on the consequences of behavior. Motor areas control movements of voluntary skeletal muscles

A

Function of Frontal lobes

47
Q

Sensory areas provide sensations of temperature, touch, pressure and pain involving the skin. Association areas function in understanding speech and in using words to express thoughts and feelings

A

Function of Parietal Lobes

48
Q

Sensory areas are responsible for hearing. Association areas interpret sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns

A

Function of Temporal lobes

49
Q

Sensory areas are responsible for vision. Association areas combine visual images with other sensory experiences

A

Function of occipital lobes

50
Q

What hemisphere is dominant in most individuals

A

Left Hemisphere

51
Q

What does the dominant hemisphere control?

A
  • Speech
  • Writing
  • Reading
  • Verbal Skills
  • Analytical Skills
  • Computational Skills
52
Q

Non dominant hemisphere controls what?

A
  • Nonverbal tasks
  • Motor tasks
  • understanding and interpreting musical and visual paterns
  • Provides emotional and intuitive thought process
53
Q

Short term memory

A
  • Working memory
  • Closed neuronal Circuit
  • Circuit is stimulated over and over
  • When impulse flow ceases, memory does also unless it enters long-term memory via the memory consolidation
54
Q

Long term memory

A
  • Changes structure or function of neurons

* Enhances synaptic transmission

55
Q

Also called Basal Ganglia.
Masses of gray matter deep within cerebral hemispheres. Produces dopamine and controls certain muscular activities.
Primarily by inhibiting motor functions

A

Basal Nuclei

56
Q

Between Cerebral hemispheres and above the brain stem and surrounds the third ventricle.

A

Diencephalon

57
Q

parts of the brain inside the Diencephalon

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Optic Tracts
  • Optic Chiasma
  • Infundibulum
  • Posterior Pituitary
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Pineal Gland
58
Q

Gateway for sensory impulses heading to cerebral cortex. It receives all sensory impulses (except smell). Channels impulses to appropriate part of cerebral cortex for interpretation.

A

Thalamus

59
Q

Maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities. Links nervous and endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus

60
Q

The Limbic System Consists of:

A
  • portions of the frontal lobe
  • portions of the temperal lobe
  • hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Basal Nuclei
  • Other deep nuclei
61
Q

The Functions of the limbic system:

A
  • Controls Emotions
  • Produces feelings
  • Interprets sensory impulses
62
Q

It is between diencephalon and pons. Contains bundles of fibers that join lower parts of the brain stem and spinal cord with higher part of the brain.

A

Mid Brain

63
Q

Gray matter in the center of the mid brain involved in reflexes that maintain posture

A

Red Nucleus

64
Q

Rounded bulge on underside of brainstem between medulla oblongata and midbrain.

A

Pons

65
Q

Helps regulate rhythm of breathing and relays nerve impulses to and from medulla oblongata and cerebellum

A

Function of Pons

66
Q

Enlarged Continuation of spinal cord that conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain and spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblongata

67
Q

The Medulla Obongata contains what?

A

Cardiac, vastomotor, and respiratory control centers. Also controls various nonvital reflex control centers (Coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting)

68
Q

Complex network of nerve fibers scattered throughout the brain, and Extends into the diencephalon.

A

Reticular Formation

69
Q

Reticular Formation connects to what?

A

Connects to the centers of the hypothalamus, basal nuclei, Cerebellum, and cerebrum

70
Q

Filters incoming sensory information and arouses cerebral cortex into state of wakefulness

A

Function of reticular formation

71
Q

Inferior to occipital lobes and posterior to pons and medulla oblongata. Has two hemispheres

A

Cerebellum

72
Q
  • Integrates sensory information concerning position of the body parts
  • Coordinates Skeletal muscle activity
  • Maintains Posture
A

Function of Cerebellum

73
Q

Controls higher brain functions, including interpreting sensory impulses, initiation muscular movements, storing memory, reasoning, intellegence

A

Function of Cerebrum

74
Q

Relay stations for motor impulses origination in the cerebral cortex and passing into the brainstem and spinal cord: Facilitate and help coordinate voluntary movement

A

Function of the Basal Nuclei

75
Q

Contains reflex centers that move the eyes and head and maintains posture

A

Function of the Midbrain

76
Q

Somatic fibers connecting to the skin and skeletal muscles. Autonomic fibers connecting to viscera

A 
Cranial Nerves 
Spinal Nerves (PNS)
77
Q

Efferent fibers that carry motor impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

A

General somatic efferent fibers

78
Q

Efferent fibers that carry motor impulses away form CNS to smooth muscles and glands

A

General visceral efferent fibers

79
Q

Afferent fibers that carry sensory impulses to CNS from skin and skeletal muscles

A

General somatic afferent fibers

80
Q

Afferent fibers that carry sensory impulses to CNS from blood vessels and internal organs

A

General visceral afferent fibers

81
Q

efferent fibers that carry motor impulses from brain to muscles used in chewing, swallowing, speaking, and forming facial expressions

A

Special somatic efferent fibers

82
Q

Afferent fibers that carry sensory impulses to brain from olfactory and taste receptors

A

Special visceral afferent fibers

83
Q

Afferent fibers that carry sensory impulses to brain from receptors of sight, hearing and equilibrium

A

Special somatic afferent fibers

84
Q

Functions without conscious effort, controls visceral activities and regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

85
Q

Fibers in the ANS

A
  • Pre-ganglionic Fibers

* Post-ganglionic fibers

TEAS SCIENCE PORTION (10 decks)

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