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Ace Ess: Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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0
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

The active formation of blood cells

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1
Q

Skeletal system (skeleton)

A

An active, living tissue responsible for support, movement, protection, storage, and formation of blood cells

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2
Q

Structural functions of bone

A

Giving support to the soft tissues of the body and providing attachment sites for most muscles

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3
Q

Skeletal system storage

A

Stores calcium, phosphorus, fat, sodium and potassium

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4
Q

Skeleton system production

A

Production site for blood cells within the circulatory system including red blood cells, certain white blood cells, and platelets

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5
Q

Bone shape classifications

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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6
Q

Long bones

A

Classified by being longer than they are wide (long axis); they make up the majority of the skeleton

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7
Q

Short bones

A

Classified by having approximately the same length and width

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8
Q

Flat bones

A

Classified by being thin and typically curved

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9
Q

Irregular bones

A

Have diverse shapes, excluding them from the other classifications of bone shape

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10
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact, dense bone found in the shafts of long bones and the vertebral endplates

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11
Q

Trabecular bone

A

Spongy or cancellous bone composed of thin plates that form a honeycomb pattern; predominantly found in the ends of long bones and the vertebral body

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12
Q

Cortical shell

A

Makes up roughly 75% of the skeletal system

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13
Q

Trabecular network

A

Makes up roughly 25% of the skeletal system

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14
Q

Cortical bones function

A

Provides strength, tendon attachment sites for muscle, and organ protection without excessive weight

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15
Q

Trabecular bones function

A

Provides a large surface area for mineral exchange, and helps maintain skeletal strength and integrity

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16
Q

Long bone structures

A

Diaphysis, proximal epiphysis, and distal epiphysis

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17
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the long bone

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18
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

End of a long bone closest to the midline of the body

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19
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

End of a long bone furthest from the midline of the body

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20
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow space inside the diaphysis and is used as a storage site for fat

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21
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity

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22
Q

Red marrow

A

Resides in the trabecular tissue of certain long bones epiphysis; essential in the manufacture of red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets

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23
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage

A

Separates the diaphysis and epiphyseal in children and young adults, providing means for the bone to lengthen

24
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Bone that replaces the epiphyseal cartilage as skeletal growth is completed

25
Q

Periosteum

A

The layer of dense connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bone

26
Q

Remodeling

A

The process of continually reshaping and rebuilding the skeleton

27
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Process of building new bone

28
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Process of breaking down bone

29
Q

Wolff’s law

A

Bone is capable of increasing its strength in response to stress by laying down more bone

30
Q

Axial skeleton

A

The 74 bones of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs; provides the main axial support for the body well protecting the central nervous system and major organs

31
Q

Vertebral column

A

Composed of 33 vertebrae, categorized by region

32
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

The 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

33
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula, attached to the axial skeleton only at the sternum; offers little support the large range of movements

34
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Composed of the ileum, ischium, and the pubis; supports the body’s weight and has extensive attachments to the axial skeleton through its articulation with the sacrum

35
Q

Os coxae

A

The ileum, ischium, and pubis as a collective

36
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Strong joint made of cartilage that unites each side of the pelvic girdle

37
Q

Articulation

A

Juncture where two bones meet; a joint

38
Q

Joint types

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

39
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Classified as synarthroidal; held tightly by fibrous connective tissue allowing little or no movement

40
Q

Synarthroidal joints

A

Joints considered immovable

41
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Joints connected by cartilage and allow little to no movement

42
Q

Synovial joints

A

Most common type of joint; characterized by free movement

43
Q

Synovial joints characteristic traits

A

Articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid

44
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of long bones

45
Q

Articular capsule

A

Encloses the joint with a double layered membrane

46
Q

Ligament

A

Strong connective tissue that connects one bone to another

47
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Inner layer of the articular capsule; well supplied by capillaries and produces synovial fluid

48
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Thick liquid that nourishes the articular cartilage and lubricates the joint surface

49
Q

Axis of rotation

A

Imaginary line that forms a right angle to the plane of movement a joint rotates on

50
Q

Uniplanar joints (uniaxial)

A

Joints that move in one plane and have one axis of rotation

51
Q

Biplanar joints (biaxial)

A

Joints that allow movement in two planes that are perpendicular to each other

52
Q

Multiplanar joints (triaxial)

A

Joints that allow movement in three axes of rotation

53
Q

Synovial joint general movements

A

Gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation

54
Q

Gliding movements

A

Synovial joint movements that occur when the surfaces of two adjoining bones move back-and-forth on each other (such as the movement between the base of a rib and its associated)

55
Q

Angular movements

A

Synovial joint movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

56
Q

Circumduction movements

A

Synovial joint movements that occur when a joint is capable of incorporating all four angular movements to create one motion

57
Q

Rotation movements

A

Synovial joint movements of a bone around a longitudinal axis

Ace Ess: Anatomy (16 decks)

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