Muscular System

Question 0

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 0

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Question 1

What does all muscle tissue have in common

Answer 1

The ability to contract and develop tension

Question 2

Skeletal muscle (striated muscle)

Answer 2

Attaches to the skeleton and, through voluntary contraction, exerts force on the bones to move them; exhibits alternating light and dark bands giving a striated appearance

Question 3

Smooth muscle

Answer 3

Functions involuntarily to regulate the movement of materials through the body, found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels; lacks the striations

Question 4

Cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Specialized tissue that functions involuntarily to maintain the constant pumping action of the heart; has a striated appearance

Question 5

Tendon

Answer 5

A specialized form of connective tissue that attaches the muscle to the bones

Question 6

Tendon of origin

Answer 6

Attaches to the proximal bone of a joint

Question 7

Tendon of insertion

Answer 7

Attached to the more distal bone of a joint

Question 8

Agonist (prime mover)

Answer 8

The muscle directly responsible for observed movement

Question 9

Antagonist

Answer 9

The muscle that acts in opposition to the contraction produced by an agonist (prime mover) muscle

Question 10

Longitudinal muscle

Answer 10

A muscle in which the fibers run parallel to the long axis of a muscle, forming a long, strap like arrangement; capable of producing considerable movement but is relatively weak compared to other muscle fiber arrangements

Question 11

Unipennate muscle

Answer 11

Muscles that have a tendon that runs the entire length of the muscle, with muscle fibers inserting diagonally on one side of the tendon

Question 12

Bipennate muscles

Answer 12

Muscles that have a tendon that runs the entire length of the muscle, with muscle fibers inserting obliquely on each side of the tendon

Question 13

Mutlipennate muscles

Answer 13

Muscles that have a complex arrangement that involve the convergence of several tendons

Question 14

General categories of skeletal muscle

Answer 14

Fast-twitch muscle fibers and slow-twitch muscle fibers

Question 15

Slow-twitch muscle fibers

type I or slow-oxidative fibers

Answer 15

Possess a high volume of capillaries, myoglobin, and mitochondria making them resistant fatigue and capable of sustaining aerobic metabolism

Question 16

Subtypes of fast-twitch muscle fibers

Answer 16

IIx and IIa muscle fibers

Question 17

Type IIx muscle fibers (fast-glycolytic fibers)

Answer 17

The largest and fastest type of muscle fiber; possesses a low volume of mitochondria but a high number of glycolytic in enzymes for considerable force-production and anaerobic capacity

Question 18

Type IIa fibers

fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers

Answer 18

Possess speed, fatigue, and force production capabilities somewhere between type I and type IIx muscle fibers making them highly adaptable

Question 19

Influences on the percentage of specific muscle fiber types

Answer 19

Genetics, hormones, and exercise habits

Question 20

Muscle fibers

Answer 20

Tiny individual muscle cells

Question 21

Fasciae

Answer 21

Thin sheets of connective tissue membranes that hold muscle fibers in place

Question 22

Epimysium

Answer 22

Fasciae of that incases the entire muscle

Question 23

Perimysium

Answer 23

Fibrous sheath of fascia that holds bundles of muscle fibers within the epimysium

Question 24

Endomysium

Answer 24

Fasciae wrapping individual muscle fibers within the perimysium

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

The powerplant of the cells where aerobic metabolism occurs

Question 26

Myoglobin

Answer 26

A compound similar to hemoglobin, which aids in the storage and transport of oxygen in muscle cells

Question 27

Myofibril

Answer 27

The portion of the muscle containing the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) contractile filaments that give the striated appearance to skeletal muscle

Question 28

Myosin

Answer 28

Thick contractile protein in a myofibril

Question 29

Actin

Answer 29

Thin contractile protein in a myofibril

Question 30

Sacromere

Answer 30

The basic functional unit of the myofibril containing the contractile proteins that generate skeletal muscle movements

Question 31

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 31

A high-energy phosphate molecule required to provide energy for cellular function; produced both aerobically and anaerobically and stored in the body

Question 32

Neurotransmitter

Answer 32

A chemical substance that transports nerve impulses across synapses

Question 33

Acetylcholine

Answer 33

Neurotransmitter released at the end of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic systems to produce a muscle contract

Question 34

Criteria in the naming of muscles

Answer 34

Shape, action, location, attachments, number of divisions, and size relationships

Question 35

Shoulder girdle muscles main function

Answer 35

To fixate the scapula

Question 36

Muscles that anchor the scapula

Answer 36

There are 6 muscles anchoring the scapula. Four posterior )including the trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and levator scapulae) and two anterior (pectoralis minor and serrartus anterior)