Nervous System

Question 0

Neuromuscular system

Answer 0

The connection to the brain and spinal cord through a network of nerves circuits

Question 1

Functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

To gather and store information and to control various bodily functions in response to said information

Question 2

Nervous system structures

Answer 2

CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord; control center of the nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input and formulating responses to the information

Question 4

Components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 4

All nervous structures outside the CNS, namely the nerves and ganglia

Question 5

Ganglia

Answer 5

Nerve cell bodies associated with the nerves

Question 6

Peripheral nervous system divisions

Answer 6

Efferent division and Afferent division

Question 7

Afferent (sensory) decision

Answer 7

Carries nerve impulses to the CNS from receptors located in the skin, fasciae, joints, and visceral organs

Question 8

Efferent (motor) division

Answer 8

Handles outgoing information and is divided into the somatic and autonomous nervous systems

Question 9

Somatic nervous system

Answer 9

Carries nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles and is under conscious control, outside of reflex response

Question 10

Autonomous nervous system

Answer 10

Generally subconscious, made of the nerves that transmit impulses to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands; further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Question 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

Causes the body to stop storing and mobilize all energy when under stress or emergency (fight or flight syndrome)

Question 12

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Aids in controlling normal functions such as digestion, energy storage, and growth well the body is at rest

Question 13

Neuron

Answer 13

A nerve cell, the most basic structural and functional component of the nervous system

Question 14

Soma

Answer 14

A cell body

Question 15

Neuron processes

Answer 15

Fibrous extensions (axons and dendrites) from the soma of a neuron

Question 16

Dendrites

Answer 16

Conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body

Question 17

Axons

Answer 17

Transmit electrical signals away from the cell body

Question 18

Synapse

Answer 18

Small space between neurons

Question 19

Proprioception

Answer 19

Awareness of the body in relation to various segments and the external environment

Question 20

Proprioceptors

Answer 20

Receptors in the skin, in and around the joints and muscles, and in the inner ear that gather sensory information to achieve kinesthetic awareness

Question 21

Cutaneous receptors

Answer 21

Receptors in the skin that sends sensory information regarding pressure, touch, and movement of the hairs on the body

Question 22

Joint receptors

Answer 22

Send information regarding position, velocities, and acceleration at the joint

Question 23

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 23

Deep receptors in the skin and joints sensitive to pressure

Question 24

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 24

Receptors in the superficial layers of skin responsive to soft touch

Question 25

Golgi-mazzoni corpuscles

Answer 25

Located within the joint capsule, responsive to joint compression and stimulated by any weight-bearing activity

Question 26

Musculotendinous receptors

Answer 26

Receptors involved in muscular control, coordination, and contribute to the body sense of postural control

Golgi tendon organ (GTO), muscle spindle

Question 27

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 27

The automatic reflex relaxation caused by stimulation of the Golgi tendon organ

Question 28

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 28

The reflex inhibition of the motor neurons of antagonists when the agonists are contracted

Question 29

Muscle spindle

Answer 29

Stretches when the muscle itself is under force triggering a reflex contraction in the muscle known as stretch reflex which allows the antagonist muscle group to relax

Question 30

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

Answer 30

Senses increased tension within its associated muscle as the muscle contracts or stretches and functions to cause an inhibition of the contraction resulting in an enhanced contraction of the antagonist muscle group

Question 31

Vestibular system

Answer 31

Three fluid-containing semicircular canals at right angles to each other and sensory hairs to detect movement of the fluid within head