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Ace Ess: Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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0
Q

Principal endocrine glands

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads

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1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Regulates bodily activities with hormones produced by various glands

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2
Q

Pituitary gland (master gland)

A

Has a regulatory effect on several endocrine glands and is important in controlling a number of diverse bodily functions; divided into anterior and posterior lobes

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3
Q

Pituitary gland; posterior lobe

A

Produces the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin

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4
Q

Pituitary gland; anterior lobe

A

Produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin

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5
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

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6
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Each gland consists of a medulla (inner portion) and cortex (outer portion) which are so distinct they’re in effect their own endocrine organs

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7
Q

Adrenal glands cortex

A

Produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids

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8
Q

Adrenal glands medulla

A

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

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9
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin and glucagon; plays a role in producing digestive enzymes

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10
Q

Gonads

A

Produces testosterone and estrogen; promotes sex-specific physical characteristics and reproductive function

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11
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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12
Q

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; acts on the kidneys to reduce urinary excretion of water

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13
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone released by pituitary gland; stimulates the smooth muscles of the reproductive organs and intestines

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14
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

(gonadotropins)

A

Hormones released by the pituitary gland; stimulates gonads to secrete sex hormones called

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15
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates thyroid glands to secrete thyroid hormones

16
Q

Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids

17
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates general growth, skeletal growth, and promotes metabolic functions

18
Q

Prolactin

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; initiates and maintains breast-milk secretion

19
Q

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

Hormones released by the thyroid gland; increases oxygen consumption and heat production, and affects many metabolic functions

20
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone released by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels by accelerating the absorption of calcium by the bones

21
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Hormone released by the parathyroid; raises plasma calcium levels and lowers plasma phosphate levels

22
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; prepares the body for emergencies and stress by elevating blood glucose levels, increasing the rate, force, and amplitude of the heartbeat, and dilating the blood vessels feeding the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles

23
Q

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; prepares the body for emergencies and stress by increasing the heart rate and force of contractions of the cardiac muscles

24
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; promotes reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys

25
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Hormone released by adrenal gland; aids in the utilization of glucose and mobilization of fatty acids

26
Q

Gonadcorticoids

A

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; includes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

27
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone released by the pancreas; acts to facilitate the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells, prevents the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and muscles, and plays a role in lipid and protein metabolism as it favors lipid formation and storage well facilitating the movement of amino acids into cells

28
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone released by the pancreas; generally opposes the actions of insulin by decreasing glucose oxidation and increasing the blood sugar level (hyperglycemia)

29
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone released by the gonads; male sex hormone that initiates sperm production, stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics, and promote tissue building

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormone released by the gonads; female sex hormone that regulates ovulation, menstruation, physiological adjustments during pregnancy, and the appearance of female secondary sex characteristics

Ace Ess: Anatomy (16 decks)

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