Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the skeletal system made of?

Answer 1

Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments

Question 2

Function of bones?

Answer 2

support, protection from physical trauma, enclose organs, electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, blood formation, detoxification

Question 3

4 types of bones

Answer 3

flat bones, log bones, short bones, irregular bones

Question 4

Protect soft organs, curved but wide and thin

Answer 4

flat bones

Question 5

longer than wide, rigid levers acted upon by muscles

Answer 5

long bones

Question 6

equal in length and width, glide across one another in multiple directions

Answer 6

short bones

Question 7

elaborate shapes that do not fit into other categories

Answer 7

irregular bones

Question 8

long bone features

Answer 8

epiphyses and diphysis, compact and spongy, marrow cavity, articular cartilage, periosteum

Question 9

Foramen

Answer 9

hole in bone (usually circular in shape)

Question 10

osteo-

os-

Answer 10

bone tissue

Question 11

Peri-

para-

Answer 11

around or next to

Question 12

features of cranium bones

Answer 12

sandwich-like construction (two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone), diploe

Question 13

diploe

Answer 13

spongy layer in the cranium

Question 14

Bone

Answer 14

connective tissue that consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance

Question 15

4 types of bone cells

Answer 15

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 16

Osteoblasts

Answer 16

bone- forming cells; they are roughly cuboidal or angular and form a single layer on the bone surface under the endosteum and periosteum

Question 17

osteocytes

Answer 17

former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the bone matrix they deposited.

Question 18

osteoclasts

Answer 18

bone- dissolving cells found on the bone surface

Question 19

osteogenic cells

Answer 19

stem cells that give rise to most other bone cells; they are found in the endosteum, the inner layer of the periosteum, and the central canals

Question 20

calcitriol, calcitonin, and PTH maintain normal blood calcium concentration

Answer 20

calcium homeostasis

Question 21

osteoblast grows

Answer 21

osteoid tissue (soft collagenous tissue)

Question 22

hydroxyapatite

Answer 22

most common in ground substance of bones

Question 23

rickets disease

Answer 23

bones deficient in calcium salts, causing bones to be soft and bend easily

Question 24

how is compact bone studied?

Answer 24

using slices that have been dried, cut with a saw, and ground to translucent thinness, revealing details of the matrix

Question 25

nutrient foramina

Answer 25

on bone surface

Question 26

perforating (volkmann canals)

Answer 26

transvers or diagonal canals

Question 27

central canals

Answer 27

vertical canals; circumferential lamellae, interstitial lammellae

Question 28

parts of standard osteon

Answer 28

lammella (rings), lacuna (chamber), osteocyte (cell), Haversian canal (central)

Question 29

Spongy bone consists of

Answer 29

a lattice of delicate slivers of bone called spicules and thin plates called trabeculae; the term spongy refers to its appearance, not its hardness.

Question 30

Bone marrow

Answer 30

soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone, the spaces in spongy bone, and larger central canals

Question 31

Two types of marrow

Answer 31

red marrow, yellow marrow

Question 32

red marrow

Answer 32

fills the marrow cavity of nearly every bone in children, produces blood cells

Question 33

yellow marrow

Answer 33

most red marrow turns to fatty yellow bone marrow. Yellow marrow no longer produces blood except in cases of severe or chronic anemia.