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Anatomy with Dr. Doug > Second Lecture > Flashcards

Second Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The more abundant substance in a mixture. (does the dissolving)

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2
Q

What is a solute?

A

The less abundant substance in a mixture. (being dissolved)

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3
Q

Substances that dissolve in water are said to be…

A

hydrophilic

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4
Q

Substances that do not dissolve in water are said to be…

A

hydrophobic

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5
Q

hydro-

A

water

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6
Q

-philic

A

loving

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7
Q

-phobic

A

fearing

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8
Q

To be soluble in water a molecules must be

A

polarized or charged

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9
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The tendency of one substance to cling to another

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10
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The tendency of like molecules to cling to each other

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11
Q

Why is water very cohesive?

A

its hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Surface film on surface of water is due to molecules being held together by a force called

A

surface tension

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13
Q

Why does water participate in many chemical reactions?

A

Its ability to become ionized itself

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14
Q

What causes surface tension?

A

cohesion

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15
Q

-lys or -lyt

A

to break

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16
Q

What does water help to stabilize in the body?

A

the internal temperature

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17
Q

Water has a high

A

heat capacity

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18
Q

The heat needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree centigrade is

A

1 Calorie (cal)

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19
Q

1 Calorie= kilocalorie=

A

1000 calories

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20
Q

Six properties of water

A

polarity, solvency, cohesion, adhesion, chemical reactivity, thermal stability

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21
Q

Solutions are defined by…

A

solute particles under 1 nm, solute particles do not scatter light, will pass trough most membranes, will not separate on standing

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22
Q

colloid

A

Mixture of larger particles in a solvent (mucus, saliva)

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23
Q

suspension

A

large particles in a solvent

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24
Q

physical properties of colloids

A

range from 1-100nm, scatter lights and are usually cloudy, particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane, particles remain permanently mixed with the solvent when mixture stands

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25
Q

physical properties of suspensions

A

particles exceed 100 nm, too large to penetrate selectively permeable membranes, cloudy or opaque in appearance, separates on standing

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26
Q

What is the suspension of one liquid in another?

A

emulsion

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27
Q

What is the measure of the amount of solute in a solvent?

A

concentration

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28
Q

What is an acid?

A

Any proton donor

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29
Q

What is a base?

A

Any proton receiver

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30
Q

6.02x10^23

A

Avogadro’s number or one mole

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31
Q

1 mole of a substance is its

A

molecular weight in grams

32
Q

pH is a measure derived from

A

the molarity of H+

33
Q

A neutral pH is

A

7.0 (H+=OH-)

34
Q

A acidic pH is

A

less than 7.0 (H+> OH-)

35
Q

A basic pH is

A

greater than 7.0 (OH->H+)

36
Q

The pH of human blood and tissues should be

A

7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)

37
Q

Chemical solutions that resist changes in pH

A

buffers

38
Q

Process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken

A

chemical reaction

39
Q

Symbolizes the course of a chemical reaction (reactants on left yields to products on right)

A

Chemical equation

40
Q

Classes of chemical reactions

A

decomposition reactions, synthesis reactions, exchange reactions

41
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

large molecule breaks down into smaller ones

42
Q

Synthesis reactions

A

two or more smaller molecules combine to form a larger one

43
Q

Exchange reactions

A

two molecules exchange atoms or group of atoms

44
Q

Ways to increase the rate of a reaction

A

catalysts, heat, increase concentration

45
Q

Substances that temporarily bond to reactants, hold them in favorable position to react with each other, and may change the shapes of reactants in ways that make them more likely to react

A

catalysts

46
Q

all the chemical reactions of the body

A

metabolism

47
Q

energy-releasing decomposition reactions

A

catabolism

48
Q

energy-storing synthesis reactions

A

anabolism

49
Q

Organic chemistry is the study of

A

compounds of carbon covalently bonded to hydrogen

50
Q

organic molecules are broadly classified as

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

51
Q

Properties of an organic molecule

A

carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxyl, methyl, amino groups

52
Q

molecules made of a repetitive series of monomers

A

polymers

53
Q

identical or similar sub units linked together

A

monomer

54
Q

very large organic molecules; very high molecular weights

A

macromolecules

55
Q

poly-

A

many

56
Q

Joining monomers to form a polymer

A

polymerization

57
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

how living cells form polymers

58
Q

Hydrolisis

A

decomposition reaction where water is split

59
Q

Hydrophilic organic molecule

A

Carbohydrate

60
Q

sachhar- -ose

A

sugar or sweet

61
Q

Three important monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

62
Q

The “blood sugar” that provides energy to our cells

A

glucose

63
Q

Three important disaccharides

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

64
Q

Sugar molecule composed of two monosachharides

A

disachharide

65
Q

Long chains of glucose

A

polysachharides

66
Q

Hydrophobic molecules usually composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

A

lipids

67
Q

Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol

A

Triglyceride

68
Q

Conjugated carbohydrate

A

covalently bound to lipid or protein

69
Q

external surface of cell membrane

A

glycolipids

70
Q

external surface of cell membrane, mucus of respiratory and digestive tracts

A

glycoproteins

71
Q

gels that hold cells and tissues together, forms gelatinous filler in umbilical chord, joint lubrication, tough rubbery texture of cartilage

A

proteoglycans

72
Q

Five primary types of lipids in humans

A

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids

73
Q

a saturated fatty acid has

A

as much Hydrogen as it can carry

74
Q

unsaturated fatty acids have

A

not as saturated with Hydrogen

75
Q

fatty acid “tails” are hydrophobic, phosphate “head” is hydrophilic

A

Amphiphilic

76
Q

amphi-

A

both

77
Q

20 carbon compounds derived from a fatty acid called archidonic acid

A

eicosanoids

Anatomy with Dr. Doug (15 decks)

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