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Anatomy with Dr. Doug > Second Lecture > Flashcards

Second Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The more abundant substance in a mixture. (does the dissolving)

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2
Q

What is a solute?

A

The less abundant substance in a mixture. (being dissolved)

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3
Q

Substances that dissolve in water are said to be…

A

hydrophilic

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4
Q

Substances that do not dissolve in water are said to be…

A

hydrophobic

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5
Q

hydro-

A

water

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6
Q

-philic

A

loving

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7
Q

-phobic

A

fearing

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8
Q

To be soluble in water a molecules must be

A

polarized or charged

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9
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The tendency of one substance to cling to another

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10
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The tendency of like molecules to cling to each other

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11
Q

Why is water very cohesive?

A

its hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Surface film on surface of water is due to molecules being held together by a force called

A

surface tension

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13
Q

Why does water participate in many chemical reactions?

A

Its ability to become ionized itself

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14
Q

What causes surface tension?

A

cohesion

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15
Q

-lys or -lyt

A

to break

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16
Q

What does water help to stabilize in the body?

A

the internal temperature

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17
Q

Water has a high

A

heat capacity

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18
Q

The heat needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree centigrade is

A

1 Calorie (cal)

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19
Q

1 Calorie= kilocalorie=

A

1000 calories

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20
Q

Six properties of water

A

polarity, solvency, cohesion, adhesion, chemical reactivity, thermal stability

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21
Q

Solutions are defined by…

A

solute particles under 1 nm, solute particles do not scatter light, will pass trough most membranes, will not separate on standing

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22
Q

colloid

A

Mixture of larger particles in a solvent (mucus, saliva)

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23
Q

suspension

A

large particles in a solvent

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24
Q

physical properties of colloids

A

range from 1-100nm, scatter lights and are usually cloudy, particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane, particles remain permanently mixed with the solvent when mixture stands

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25
physical properties of suspensions
particles exceed 100 nm, too large to penetrate selectively permeable membranes, cloudy or opaque in appearance, separates on standing
26
What is the suspension of one liquid in another?
emulsion
27
What is the measure of the amount of solute in a solvent?
concentration
28
What is an acid?
Any proton donor
29
What is a base?
Any proton receiver
30
6.02x10^23
Avogadro's number or one mole
31
1 mole of a substance is its
molecular weight in grams
32
pH is a measure derived from
the molarity of H+
33
A neutral pH is
7.0 (H+=OH-)
34
A acidic pH is
less than 7.0 (H+> OH-)
35
A basic pH is
greater than 7.0 (OH->H+)
36
The pH of human blood and tissues should be
7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)
37
Chemical solutions that resist changes in pH
buffers
38
Process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken
chemical reaction
39
Symbolizes the course of a chemical reaction (reactants on left yields to products on right)
Chemical equation
40
Classes of chemical reactions
decomposition reactions, synthesis reactions, exchange reactions
41
Decomposition reactions
large molecule breaks down into smaller ones
42
Synthesis reactions
two or more smaller molecules combine to form a larger one
43
Exchange reactions
two molecules exchange atoms or group of atoms
44
Ways to increase the rate of a reaction
catalysts, heat, increase concentration
45
Substances that temporarily bond to reactants, hold them in favorable position to react with each other, and may change the shapes of reactants in ways that make them more likely to react
catalysts
46
all the chemical reactions of the body
metabolism
47
energy-releasing decomposition reactions
catabolism
48
energy-storing synthesis reactions
anabolism
49
Organic chemistry is the study of
compounds of carbon covalently bonded to hydrogen
50
organic molecules are broadly classified as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
51
Properties of an organic molecule
carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxyl, methyl, amino groups
52
molecules made of a repetitive series of monomers
polymers
53
identical or similar sub units linked together
monomer
54
very large organic molecules; very high molecular weights
macromolecules
55
poly-
many
56
Joining monomers to form a polymer
polymerization
57
Dehydration synthesis
how living cells form polymers
58
Hydrolisis
decomposition reaction where water is split
59
Hydrophilic organic molecule
Carbohydrate
60
sachhar- -ose
sugar or sweet
61
Three important monosaccharides
glucose, galactose, fructose
62
The "blood sugar" that provides energy to our cells
glucose
63
Three important disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
64
Sugar molecule composed of two monosachharides
disachharide
65
Long chains of glucose
polysachharides
66
Hydrophobic molecules usually composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
lipids
67
Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol
Triglyceride
68
Conjugated carbohydrate
covalently bound to lipid or protein
69
external surface of cell membrane
glycolipids
70
external surface of cell membrane, mucus of respiratory and digestive tracts
glycoproteins
71
gels that hold cells and tissues together, forms gelatinous filler in umbilical chord, joint lubrication, tough rubbery texture of cartilage
proteoglycans
72
Five primary types of lipids in humans
fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids
73
a saturated fatty acid has
as much Hydrogen as it can carry
74
unsaturated fatty acids have
not as saturated with Hydrogen
75
fatty acid "tails" are hydrophobic, phosphate "head" is hydrophilic
Amphiphilic
76
amphi-
both
77
20 carbon compounds derived from a fatty acid called archidonic acid
eicosanoids

Anatomy with Dr. Doug (15 decks)

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