Second Lecture pt 2 Flashcards
-ase
decomposition enzyme
- in
- en
proteins
polymer of amino acid
protein
peptide
any molecule composed of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds
peptide bonds
joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next
unique 3D shape of a protein crucial to function
conformation
coiled or folded shape held together by hydrogen bonds
secondary structure
extreme conformal change that destroys function
denaturation
conjugated proteins contain a non-amino acid moiety called
prosthetic group
hemoglobin contains four complex iron-containing rings called
heme moiety
Seven functions of protein
structure, communication, membrane transport, catalysis, recognition and protection, movement, cell adhesion
any hormone or molecule that reversibly binds to a protein
ligand
transports solute particles to other side of membrane
carrier proteins
-gen
creation
proteins that function as biological catalysts, permitting biochemical reaction to occur rapidly at body temperatures
enzymes
substance an enzyme acts upon
substrate
activation energy
energy needed to get reaction started
metabolic pathway
chain reactions with each step catalyzed by a different enzyme
organic compounds consisting of a carbon-nitrogen ring called a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and one or more phospahte groups.
nucleotides
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
one of the best-known nucleotides and is the body’s most important energy-transfer molecule.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
100 million- 1 billion nucleotides long; constitutes genes
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
70-100,000 nucleotides long; carries out genetic instruction for synthesizing proteins; assembles amino acids in the right order to produce proteins
The three types of RNA
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA
