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Anatomy with Dr. Doug > Chapter 2 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the molecules that compose living organisms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

the simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

A

element

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3
Q

number of protons in the nucleus

A

atomic number

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4
Q

inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms

A

minerals

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5
Q

Electrons in the outermost shell

A

valence electrons

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6
Q

varieties of an element that differ from one another only in number of neutrons and therefore in atomic mass

A

isotopes

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7
Q

unstable isotopes

A

radioisotopes

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8
Q

Process of decay

A

radioactivity

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9
Q

the time required for 50% of its atoms to decay to a more stable state

A

physical half-life

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10
Q

the time required for half of a radioisotope to disappear from the body

A

biological half-life

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11
Q

charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons

A

ions

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12
Q

the particle that gains electrons acquires a negative charge

A

anion

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13
Q

loses electrons, acquires a positive charge

A

cation

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14
Q

substances that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity

A

electrolytes

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15
Q

chemical particles with an odd number of electrons

A

free radicals

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16
Q

a chemical that neutralizes free radicals

A

antioxidant

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17
Q

chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond

A

molecules

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18
Q

molecules composed of two or more elements

A

compounds

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19
Q

molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangements of their atoms

A

isomers

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20
Q

the sum of the atomic weights of atoms

A

molecular weights

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21
Q

a molecule is held together, and molecules are attracted to one another, by forces called

A

chemical bonds

22
Q

the attraction of a cation to an anion

A

ionic bond

23
Q

bond formed by the sharing of electrons

A

covalent bonds

24
Q

a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

A

hydrogen bond

25
Q

weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms

A

van der waals forces

26
Q

substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined

A

mixture

27
Q

the ability to dissolve other chemicals

A

solvency

28
Q

substances that dissolve in water are

A

hydrophilic

29
Q

substances that do not dissolve in water are

A

hydrophobic

30
Q

the tendency of one substance to cling to another

A

adhesion

31
Q

the tendency of molecules of the same substance to cling to each other

A

coheseion

32
Q

When the cohesion of water forms an elastic layer called

A

surface film

33
Q

What surface film is held together by

A

surface tension

34
Q

the ability to participate in chemical reactions

A

chemical reactivity

35
Q

stabilizes the internal temperature of the body

A

thermal stability

36
Q

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade.

A

heat capacity

37
Q

the amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of water one degree centigrade

A

calorie (cal)

38
Q

particles of matter mixed with a more abundant substance

A

solution

39
Q

the part of the solution being dissolved

A

solute

40
Q

the part of the solution doing the dissolving

A

solvent

41
Q

mixtures of protein and water

A

colloids

42
Q

a suspension of one liquid in another

A

emulsion

43
Q

the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

A

molarity (M)

44
Q

any proton donor

A

acid

45
Q

a proton acceptor

A

base

46
Q

a measure derived from the molarity of H+

A

pH

47
Q

a solution with a pH of 7.0

A

neutral

48
Q

solution with a pH below 7

A

acidic

49
Q

solution with a pH above 7

A

basic

50
Q

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH

A

buffers

Anatomy with Dr. Doug (15 decks)

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