Skeletal System Flashcards
_________________ is the subdivision of the skeleton that provides protection.
Axial
_________________ is the subdivision of the skeleton that provides movement.
Appendicular
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
Name two major functions of the skeletal system.
Protection and Movement
How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
206
What connects bones to each other at joints?
Ligaments
Name the three main types of joints in the human body.
Fixed (immovable), slightly movable, and synovial (freely movable) joints.
What are the six synovial joints?
Ball and Socket, Hinge, Condyloid, Gliding, Saddle,Pivot
Give an example of a ball-and-socket joint.
Shoulder or Hip
What is a hinge joint?
A joint that allows movement in one direction, like the elbow or knee.
What is the role of cartilage in joints?
It reduces friction and acts as a cushion between bones.
How does regular exercise benefit the skeletal system?
It strengthens bones and increases bone density.
What is a synovial joint?
A synovial joint is a freely movable joint where the bones are connected by a joint capsule and lubricated by synovial fluid.
What is the purpose of the joint capsule?
It encloses the joint, provides stability, and contains the synovial fluid.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Reduces friction, lubricates the joint, and nourishes the cartilage.
What is the articular cartilage, and why is it important?
Articular cartilage is a smooth, tough tissue that covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
What structure lines the inside of the joint capsule?
Synovial Membrane
What is the role of ligaments in a synovial joint?
Ligaments connect bones and provide stability to the joint by preventing excessive movement.
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments in a synovial joint?
Ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.
What type of synovial joint allows for rotational movement?
A pivot joint, such as the joint between the atlas and axis in the neck.
What is a hinge joint, and what movements does it allow?
A hinge joint allows flexion and extension, like the elbow or knee.
What role do muscles play in the movement of a synovial joint?
Muscles contract to create movement by pulling on tendons, which move the bones of the joint.
What are the five main types of bones in the human body?
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
What is the primary function of long bones?
Long bones support weight and facilitate movement.
Can you give an example of a long bone?
The femur (thigh bone) or humerus (upper arm bone).
What are short bones, and what is their function?
Short bones are cube-shaped and provide stability and support with limited movement.
Name an example of a short bone.
The carpals in the wrist or tarsals in the ankle.
What is the main function of flat bones?
Flat bones provide protection for internal organs and serve as attachment points for muscles.
Give two examples of flat bones.
The sternum (breastbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade).
What are irregular bones, and what is their purpose?
Irregular bones have complex shapes and serve various functions, such as protection and support.
Can you name an example of an irregular bone?
The Vertebrae
What are sesamoid bones, and where are they commonly found?
Sesamoid bones are small, round bones embedded in tendons, an example is the Patella.
Which type of bone is most involved in producing blood cells?
Flat bones
Why do flat bones have a large surface area?
To provide ample space for muscle attachment.
Which type of bone is the clavicle (collarbone)?
Long bone
What type of bone is the cranium classified as?
Flat bones
What type of bone are the phalanges in the fingers and toes?
Long bones
What type of bone provides the most protection for internal organs?
Flat bones, such as the ribs and cranium
What is flexion?
Flexion is the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two bones.
What is extension?
Extension is the straightening of a joint, increasing the angle between two bones.
What is abduction?
Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
What is adduction?
Adduction is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
What is rotation?
Rotation is the movement of a bone around its single axis, such as turning the head side-to-side.
What is plantar flexion?
Plantar flexion is the movement of pointing the toes downward
What is dorsiflexion?
Dorsiflexion is the movement of pulling the toes upward toward the shin.
Which joint action occurs at the elbow during a bicep curl?
Flexion
What joint action happens at the shoulder when performing a lateral raise?
Abduction
What is the main joint action in the knee during a squat?
Flexion (when lowering) and extension (when rising).
What joint action occurs at the ankle during a calf raise?
Plantarflexion
What is the joint action at the hip when kicking a football forward?
Flexion at the hip.
How many vertebrae are in the human spine?
33 vertebrae
What are the five regions of the spine?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
7
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
12
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
5
How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?
5 fused together
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?
4 fused together
What is lordosis?
An inward curvature of the spine, typically in the cervical and lumbar regions.
What is kyphosis?
An outward curvature of the spine, typically in the thoracic and sacral regions.
What is scoliosis?
A lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
What is the impact of poor posture on the spine?
Poor posture can lead to misalignment, increased stress on the spine, and conditions like kyphosis or lordosis.
How can regular exercise benefit the spine?
It strengthens the muscles that support the spine, improves flexibility, and reduces the risk of injury.
What are the six main functions of the skeleton?
Support, protection, movement, shape, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
How does the skeleton provide support?
It forms a framework that supports the body’s tissues and organs, maintaining its shape.
How does the skeleton protect internal organs?
Bones like the skull, rib cage, and vertebrae encase and shield vital organs such as the brain, heart, and spinal cord.
How does the skeleton enable movement?
Bones act as levers, and joints allow movement, with muscles pulling on bones to create motion.
What minerals are stored in bones?
Bones store calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions.
Which bones protect the brain?
Cranium
Which bones are primarily responsible for movement in the arms?
The humerus, radius, and ulna.
What types of blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
