Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health & Fitness > Short & Long Term Effects > Flashcards

Short & Long Term Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

A

To supply more oxygen to the muscles and remove excess carbon dioxide produced during activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does tidal volume change during exercise?

A

Tidal volume increases to take in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens if oxygen supply cannot meet the muscles’ demand?

A

The body relies more on the anaerobic energy system, leading to lactic acid buildup and muscle fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

To pump more oxygenated blood to the muscles and remove waste products like carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

Cardiac output = Heart rate × Stroke volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is stroke volume, and how does it change during exercise?

A

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat, and it increases during exercise to meet the muscles’ demand for oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if the heart cannot pump enough blood to the muscles?

A

The muscles may not receive enough oxygen, leading to fatigue and decreased performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

A

Because the heart pumps more forcefully to circulate blood faster around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

A

Systolic pressure is the force when the heart contracts, and diastolic pressure is the force when the heart relaxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of blood pressure increases more during exercise?

A

Systolic pressure increases significantly, while diastolic pressure changes only slightly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does body temperature increase during exercise?

A

Because heat is a by-product of energy production in the muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the body regulate temperature during exercise?

A

By sweating, which cools the skin as it evaporates, and by increasing blood flow to the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can happen if the body overheats during exercise?

A

Overheating can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do hydration levels decrease during exercise?

A

Due to the loss of fluids through sweating and breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the signs of dehydration during exercise?

A

Thirst, dry mouth, light-headedness, and decreased performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is hydration important during exercise?

A

To maintain blood volume, regulate temperature, and prevent fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes muscle fatigue during exercise?

A

Insufficient oxygen supply to the muscles and the buildup of lactic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can muscle fatigue affect performance?

A

It reduces the muscles’ ability to contract efficiently, leading to decreased strength and endurance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?

A

Muscle pain and stiffness that occurs 24–48 hours after intense exercise due to microscopic damage to muscle fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes DOMS?

A

High-intensity exercise, particularly eccentric movements that lengthen the muscles under tension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can DOMS be reduced?

A

By performing a proper warm-up, cooling down, and gradually increasing exercise intensity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes light-headedness during or after exercise?

A

It can result from dehydration, low blood sugar, or a sudden drop in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can light-headedness be prevented?

A

By staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding abrupt changes in intensity or position.

26
Q

Why might someone feel nauseous during intense exercise?

A

Blood flow is diverted from the digestive system to the working muscles, causing discomfort.

27
Q

What can help reduce the risk of nausea during exercise?

A

Avoid eating large meals before exercise and gradually cooling down after intense activity.

28
Q

Why does prolonged exercise cause tiredness?

A

Due to the depletion of energy stores, loss of fluids, and buildup of waste products like lactic acid.

29
Q

How can tiredness be managed during exercise?

A

By pacing yourself, staying hydrated, and consuming carbohydrates for sustained energy.

30
Q

What is the role of rest and recovery in reducing tiredness after exercise?

A

Rest and recovery allow the body to repair muscles, replenish energy stores, and prevent overtraining.

31
Q

How does regular exercise improve cardiovascular endurance?

A

It strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood vessel health, and increases the number of capillaries, leading to more efficient blood circulation.

32
Q

What effect does cardiovascular exercise have on blood vessels?

A

It improves the elasticity and health of blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood throughout the body.

33
Q

How does exercise benefit the respiratory muscles?

A

Regular exercise strengthens the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles, improving lung capacity and breathing efficiency.

34
Q

What changes occur in the body to improve its efficiency at using oxygen during exercise?

A

Exercise increases lung capacity, strengthens the respiratory muscles, and enhances the body’s ability to transport and use oxygen efficiently.

35
Q

How does increased lung capacity help during exercise?

A

Increased lung capacity allows more oxygen to be absorbed with each breath, improving performance during sustained aerobic activities.

36
Q

How does exercise help lower blood pressure?

A

Regular physical activity improves heart function, reduces the amount of stress on blood vessels, and increases good cholesterol, which helps lower blood pressure.

37
Q

What is the role of good cholesterol in controlling blood pressure?

A

Good cholesterol (HDL) helps remove bad cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of plaque buildup and improving blood vessel health.

38
Q

How does exercise lead to a decrease in resting heart rate?

A

Regular exercise strengthens the heart, enabling it to pump more blood with each beat, which means the heart doesn’t need to beat as often at rest.

39
Q

Why is a lower resting heart rate beneficial?

A

It indicates that the heart is more efficient and does not have to work as hard when the body is at rest, reducing the risk of heart disease.

40
Q

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy is the thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle, which results from regular aerobic exercise.

41
Q

How does cardiac hypertrophy benefit the body?

A

It increases the heart’s ability to pump blood more efficiently, improving cardiovascular endurance and reducing resting blood pressure.

42
Q

How does training improve muscular endurance?

A

Muscular endurance improves when muscles are trained to work for longer periods, becoming more resistant to fatigue and able to perform repeated contractions.

43
Q

Why is muscular endurance important in sports?

A

It allows athletes to sustain physical activity for longer periods without tiring, which is crucial in endurance events like running or cycling.

44
Q

How does regular strength training lead to improved muscular strength?

A

Strength training increases muscle mass by working muscles against resistance, which also strengthens tendons and ligaments.

45
Q

How does resistance training improve tendon and ligament strength?

A

Resistance training stresses tendons and ligaments, stimulating them to become stronger and more resilient to injury.

46
Q

How does regular training improve an individual’s resistance to fatigue?

A

It increases the muscles’ capacity to use oxygen, improves cardiovascular efficiency, and enhances muscle endurance, allowing the body to delay fatigue.

47
Q

How does an increase in oxygen capacity contribute to improved performance?

A

The body can produce energy for longer periods without resorting to anaerobic processes, delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged activity.

48
Q

What is muscle hypertrophy?

A

Muscle hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle mass and size due to regular strength or resistance training.

49
Q

How does muscle hypertrophy benefit athletic performance?

A

Increased muscle mass leads to improved strength and power, enabling athletes to perform better in sports that require forceful movements.

50
Q

How does regular exercise lead to an increase in the volume of red blood cells?

A

Aerobic exercise stimulates the production of red blood cells, increasing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen to the muscles.

51
Q

What is the role of red blood cells in exercise performance?

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles, which is essential for aerobic energy production and maintaining performance during exercise.

52
Q

How can flexibility be improved through exercise?

A

Flexibility can be improved through regular stretching exercises, which lengthen muscles and increase joint range of motion.

53
Q

Why is improved flexibility important for overall fitness?

A

Flexibility reduces the risk of injury, improves posture, and enhances performance in many physical activities.

54
Q

What is the impact of exercise on body shape?

A

Regular exercise can increase muscle mass and decrease body fat, leading to changes in body composition and shape.

55
Q

What is the endomorph body type?

A

Endomorphs typically have a higher body fat percentage, with a rounder appearance, and may struggle to lose fat or gain muscle.

56
Q

What is the ectomorph body type?

A

Ectomorphs typically have little body fat and light muscle mass, and may struggle to gain weight or build muscle.

57
Q

What is the mesomorph body type?

A

Mesomorphs have a naturally muscular physique with more muscle than fat, and can easily gain muscle and lose fat.

58
Q

How does exercise affect the body shape of an endomorph?

A

Regular exercise can help endomorphs reduce body fat and increase muscle mass, improving their overall physique.

59
Q

How can an ectomorph increase muscle mass?

A

Ectomorphs can increase muscle mass by focusing on strength training and consuming a diet with sufficient calories and protein.

60
Q

How does exercise help a mesomorph maintain their physique?

A

Mesomorphs can maintain their muscle mass and low body fat through regular strength training and balanced aerobic exercise.

Health & Fitness (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions