Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three main types of muscles in the body?

Answer 1

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

Question 2

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 2

The Heart

Question 3

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 3

It aids blood flow through the heart by contracting involuntarily.

Question 4

Where can smooth muscle be found?

Answer 4

In the digestive tract, blood vessels, stomach, uterus, and bladder.

Question 5

What is a unique characteristic of smooth muscle?

Answer 5

It contracts in all directions and works involuntarily.

Question 6

What are the functions of smooth muscle?

Answer 6

It aids digestion and helps distribute blood.

Question 7

What is the role of skeletal muscles?

Answer 7

They work voluntarily to aid movement.

Question 8

What is the role of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 8

It causes abduction of the shoulder, moving the arm away from the body.

Question 9

What is the function of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 9

It allows movement of the head and shoulder blades.

Question 10

What are antagonistic pairs of muscles?

Answer 10

Muscles that work in pairs, where one muscle (agonist) contracts while the other (antagonist) relaxes to produce movement.

Question 11

Give an example of an antagonistic muscle pair.

Answer 11

Biceps (agonist) and triceps (antagonist).

Question 12

What are the origin and insertion points of muscles?

Answer 12

The origin is the fixed point of a muscle, and the insertion is where the muscle attaches to the moving bone.

Question 13

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 13

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length, such as lifting or lowering a weight.

Question 14

What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

Answer 14

Concentric (muscle shortens) and eccentric (muscle lengthens).

Question 15

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 15

A static contraction where the muscle does not change length, such as holding a plank.

Question 16

What are the characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibres?

Answer 16

Dark red, slow contraction speed, slow to fatigue, and suited for endurance activities like long-distance running.

Question 17

What are the characteristics of Type 2 muscle fibres?

Answer 17

White, very fast contraction speed, quick to fatigue, and suited for explosive activities like sprinting and weightlifting.

Question 18

How can training affect muscle fibre performance?

Answer 18

Low-intensity, high-repetition training improves Type 1 fibres, while high-intensity, low-repetition training improves Type 2 fibres.

Question 19

Why are antagonistic pairs important for movement?

Answer 19

They allow smooth and controlled movement by enabling one muscle to pull while the opposing muscle relaxes to balance the action.

Question 20

What is the role of the agonist in an antagonistic pair?

Answer 20

The agonist is the prime mover that contracts to create movement.

Question 21

What is the role of the antagonist in an antagonistic pair?

Answer 21

The antagonist relaxes or lengthens to allow the movement initiated by the agonist.

Question 22

Give an example of an antagonistic pair in the arm.

Answer 22

The biceps (agonist) and triceps (antagonist) during elbow flexion.

Question 23

What happens to the biceps and triceps when straightening the arm?

Answer 23

The triceps become the agonist, contracting to straighten the arm, while the biceps act as the antagonist, relaxing.

Question 24

Which antagonistic pair is involved in knee extension?

Answer 24

The quadriceps (agonist) and hamstrings (antagonist).

Question 25

What action do the hamstrings perform in an antagonistic pair?

Answer 25

The hamstrings cause flexion of the knee joint when they act as the agonist.