skeletal system

Question 1

what are the 7 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1.shape and support
2.movement
3.protection
4.blood cell production
5.muscle attachment
6.mineral storage
7.fat storage

Question 2

what does it mean by shape and support

Answer 2

gives us a distinctive shape and framework to create different postures

Question 3

what does it mean by movement

Answer 3

at joints and muscles to pull on bone

Question 4

what does it mean by protection

Answer 4

flat bones are responsible for protecting air vital organs

Question 5

what does it mean by blood cell production

Answer 5

occurs in the bone marrow of long bones producing red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 6

what does it mean by muscle attachment

Answer 6

tendons attach muscles at a tuberosity on a bone to allow movement

Question 7

what does it mean by mineral storage

Answer 7

calcium and phosphorus are stored and increases bone strength

Question 8

what does it mean by fat storage

Answer 8

stored in yellow bone marrow

Question 9

what is the periosteum

Answer 9

the outer most layer of the bone

Question 10

what are bone minerals

Answer 10

essential in bone creation (ossification process) e.g. calcium and phosphorus

Question 11

what is bone marrow

Answer 11

soft spongy tissue
2 types: red and yellow

Question 12

what are the proximal and distal epiphysis

Answer 12

the rounded end of the bone

Question 13

what is the diaphysis

Answer 13

the central long shaft of the bone

Question 14

what is the epiphyseal line/growth plates

Answer 14

disc or carriage where ossification occurs to increase the length of the bone

Question 15

what are the spongy bone/cancellous

Answer 15

found in the epiphysis honeycombed in appearance

Question 16

what is the combat bone

Answer 16

hard bone tissue surrounding the bone

Question 17

what is the articular cartilage

Answer 17

covers the end of long bones to prevent friction

Question 18

what is the medullary cavity

Answer 18

the space station here bone marrow is stored

Question 19

what is yellow bone marrow

Answer 19

responsible for fats storage

Question 20

what is red bone marrow

Answer 20

produces blood cells which then differentiate to RBC, WBC and platelets

Question 21

name all the bony landmarks

Answer 21

1. notch
   2.fossa
   3.condyle
   4.borders
   5.process
   6.tuberosity

Question 22

what is a notch

Answer 22

an indentation or a bone (v-shape)

Question 23

what is the fossa

Answer 23

shallow dip (depression) in the bone

Question 24

what is a condyle

Answer 24

a round prominence at the end of the bone

Question 25

what is the border

Answer 25

the edge of a bone

Question 26

what is a process

Answer 26

part of the bone that sticks out usually for attachment of a ligament

Question 27

what is a tuberosity

Answer 27

a projection of the bone for tendon (muscle) attachment

Question 28

what is bone growth

Answer 28

1) occurs at growth plates/ epiphyseal plates found at the end of the diaphysis
2) when growth plates stops around 25 years old this becomes an epiphysis line
3) in the embryonic phase bone starts as cartilage that prevents friction in the bone
4) osteoblasts and collagen and minerals such as calcium and phosphate to the cartilage until bones are fully grown and completely hardened

Question 29

what is the remodelling process

Answer 29

1) a life long process so mature bone is removed
2) bone is replaced year 10 years=full remodelling cycle
3) bone remodelling is more effective when stress is placed on the bone
4) vitamin D is essential to allow the absorption of calcium of phosphorus
5) resorption process occurs when osteocytes send chemical signals that direct osteoclasts to damage/mature bone
6)osteoclasts clear old bone by dissolving calcium and phosphate using enzymes
7) osteoblasts build new bone by adding calcium, phosphorus and collagen
8) ossification is where minerals are added to create new bone