skeletal system Flashcards
what are the 7 functions of the skeletal system
1.shape and support
2.movement
3.protection
4.blood cell production
5.muscle attachment
6.mineral storage
7.fat storage
what does it mean by shape and support
gives us a distinctive shape and framework to create different postures
what does it mean by movement
at joints and muscles to pull on bone
what does it mean by protection
flat bones are responsible for protecting air vital organs
what does it mean by blood cell production
occurs in the bone marrow of long bones producing red and white blood cells and platelets
what does it mean by muscle attachment
tendons attach muscles at a tuberosity on a bone to allow movement
what does it mean by mineral storage
calcium and phosphorus are stored and increases bone strength
what does it mean by fat storage
stored in yellow bone marrow
what is the periosteum
the outer most layer of the bone
what are bone minerals
essential in bone creation (ossification process) e.g. calcium and phosphorus
what is bone marrow
soft spongy tissue
2 types: red and yellow
what are the proximal and distal epiphysis
the rounded end of the bone
what is the diaphysis
the central long shaft of the bone
what is the epiphyseal line/growth plates
disc or carriage where ossification occurs to increase the length of the bone
what are the spongy bone/cancellous
found in the epiphysis honeycombed in appearance
what is the combat bone
hard bone tissue surrounding the bone
what is the articular cartilage
covers the end of long bones to prevent friction
what is the medullary cavity
the space where the bone marrow is stored
what is yellow bone marrow
responsible for fats storage
what is red bone marrow
produces blood cells which then differentiate to RBC, WBC and platelets
name all the bony landmarks
- notch
2.fossa
3.condyle
4.borders
5.process
6.tuberosity
what is a notch
an indentation or a bone (v-shape)
what is the fossa
shallow dip (depression) in the bone
what is a condyle
a round prominence at the end of the bone
what is the border
the edge of a bone
what is a process
part of the bone that sticks out usually for attachment of a ligament
what is a tuberosity
a projection of the bone for tendon (muscle) attachment
what is bone growth
1) occurs at growth plates/ epiphyseal plates found at the end of the diaphysis
2) when growth plates stops around 25 years old this becomes an epiphysis line
3) in the embryonic phase bone starts as cartilage that prevents friction in the bone
4) osteoblasts and collagen and minerals such as calcium and phosphate to the cartilage until bones are fully grown and completely hardened
what is the remodelling process
1) a life long process so mature bone is removed
2) bone is replaced year 10 years=full remodelling cycle
3) bone remodelling is more effective when stress is placed on the bone
4) vitamin D is essential to allow the absorption of calcium of phosphorus
5) resorption process occurs when osteocytes send chemical signals that direct osteoclasts to damage/mature bone
6)osteoclasts clear old bone by dissolving calcium and phosphate using enzymes
7) osteoblasts build new bone by adding calcium, phosphorus and collagen
8) ossification is where minerals are added to create new bone
