anatomy of the respiratory system

Question 1

what is the nasal cavity

Answer 1

warms, moistens and filters the air we breathe in

Question 2

what is the pharynx

Answer 2

area at the back of the throat

Question 3

what is the larynx

Answer 3

responsible for voice production (voice box) directs air into the tranches from the pharynx

Question 4

what is the trachea

Answer 4

c-shaped cartilage rings which keeps the airways open during low pressure

Question 5

what is the epiglottus

Answer 5

a slap that closes over the trachea when swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs making sure it travels down the oseophagus

Question 6

what are the bronchus/ bronchi

Answer 6

split in left and right, function is to take air to each lung

Question 7

what are the bronchioles

Answer 7

small branches which deliver air into each lung

Question 8

what are the alveoli’s

Answer 8

site of gaseous exchange which capillaries blood, CO2 out into the alveoli

Question 9

what is the visceral pluera

Answer 9

surrounds the lungs

Question 10

what is the parietal pleura

Answer 10

surrounds the thoracic cavity

Question 11

what is the diaphragm

Answer 11

muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation and relaxes in a dome shape during exhalation

Question 12

what is the pleural cavity

Answer 12

space between each pleura

Question 13

what do the pleura’s do

Answer 13

1) membranes that provide lubrication and prevents friction between lungs and the thoracic cavity when we breathe
2) the lungs glide easily over the surface of the thoracic cavity for protection or prevent injury and damage

Question 14

name all the characteristics of the alveoli

Answer 14

1) starts at the pulmonary artery
2)blue is deoxygenated (low concentration of 02 and high of CO2)
3) narrow lumen so slows blood flow. maximises opportunity for gaseous exchange
4) there is a short diffusion pathway between the capillaries and the alveoli for gaseous exchange
5) red is oxygenated ( high concentration of 02 and low of CO2)
6) comes out of the pulmonary vein
7) the capillaries and alveoli are one cell think (semi permeable)

Question 15

what is the diffusion gradient of the alveoli/capillary

Answer 15

1) CO2 diffuses from the capillary into the alveoli down the concentration gradient
2) 02 diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary as there is a higher concentration of 02 from the air we breathe in

Question 16

what is the diffusion gradient of the muscle cell/capillary

Answer 16

1) at the muscle the 02 diffuses from the capillary into the muscle cell
2) CO2 diffuses from the muscle cell into the capillary
3) these gases are moving down the concentration gradient

Question 17

what is the question for aerobic respiration

Answer 17

02+glucose——>CO2+H20 (+energy)

Question 18

what is the neural control of the respiratory system

Answer 18

1) individual begins exercising
2) more energy needed so respiration rate increases
3) increases CO2 production which increases acidity in the blood
4) chemoreceptors in the walls of the blood vessels detect decrease in pH of the blood
5) chemoreceptors send chemical messages to the RCC in the medulla oblongata to increase BR
6) RCC sends electrical impulses to the respiratory muscles via the phrenic nerve to increase BR
7) respiratory muscles contract more frequently and more forcefully (extra muscles are recruited which increases TV)
8) excess CO2 removed due to increased rate of diffusion from the blood into the alveoli
9) pH of the blood increases reducing acidity of blood