anatomy of the respiratory system Flashcards
what is the nasal cavity
warms, moistens and filters the air we breathe in
what is the pharynx
area at the back of the throat
what is the larynx
responsible for voice production (voice box) directs air into the tranches from the pharynx
what is the trachea
c-shaped cartilage rings which keeps the airways open during low pressure
what is the epiglottus
a slap that closes over the trachea when swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs making sure it travels down the oseophagus
what are the bronchus/ bronchi
split in left and right, function is to take air to each lung
what are the bronchioles
small branches which deliver air into each lung
what are the alveoli’s
site of gaseous exchange which capillaries blood, CO2 out into the alveoli
what is the visceral pluera
surrounds the lungs
what is the parietal pleura
surrounds the thoracic cavity
what is the diaphragm
muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation and relaxes in a dome shape during exhalation
what is the pleural cavity
space between each pleura
what do the pleura’s do
1) membranes that provide lubrication and prevents friction between lungs and the thoracic cavity when we breathe
2) the lungs glide easily over the surface of the thoracic cavity for protection or prevent injury and damage
name all the characteristics of the alveoli
1) starts at the pulmonary artery
2)blue is deoxygenated (low concentration of 02 and high of CO2)
3) narrow lumen so slows blood flow. maximises opportunity for gaseous exchange
4) there is a short diffusion pathway between the capillaries and the alveoli for gaseous exchange
5) red is oxygenated ( high concentration of 02 and low of CO2)
6) comes out of the pulmonary vein
7) the capillaries and alveoli are one cell think (semi permeable)
what is the diffusion gradient of the alveoli/capillary
1) CO2 diffuses from the capillary into the alveoli down the concentration gradient
2) 02 diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary as there is a higher concentration of 02 from the air we breathe in
what is the diffusion gradient of the muscle cell/capillary
1) at the muscle the 02 diffuses from the capillary into the muscle cell
2) CO2 diffuses from the muscle cell into the capillary
3) these gases are moving down the concentration gradient
what is the question for aerobic respiration
02+glucose——>CO2+H20 (+energy)
what is the neural control of the respiratory system
1) individual begins exercising
2) more energy needed so respiration rate increases
3) increases CO2 production which increases acidity in the blood
4) chemoreceptors in the walls of the blood vessels detect decrease in pH of the blood
5) chemoreceptors send chemical messages to the RCC in the medulla oblongata to increase BR
6) RCC sends electrical impulses to the respiratory muscles via the phrenic nerve to increase BR
7) respiratory muscles contract more frequently and more forcefully (extra muscles are recruited which increases TV)
8) excess CO2 removed due to increased rate of diffusion from the blood into the alveoli
9) pH of the blood increases reducing acidity of blood
