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AnaPhy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

average adult skeleton

A

206 bones

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2
Q

Composed of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

A

AXIAL SKELETON

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3
Q

8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles

A

Skull

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4
Q

26 bones

A

Vertebral column

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5
Q

12 pair of ribs, associated cartilage, and sternum

A

Thoracic (rib) cage

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6
Q

Skull’s 22 bones is divided into 2 types:

A

1) Neurocranium/ Braincase
2) Viscerocranium/ Facial bones

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7
Q
  • Encloses the cranial cavity
  • Consists of 8 bones that immediately surround and protect the brain
  • Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
A

Neurocranium/ Braincase

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8
Q
  • Form the structure of the face
  • 14 facial bones
  • All are paired, except mandible and vomer
A

Viscerocranium/ Facial bones

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9
Q

flat bone; makes up the forehead and the upper portion of the eye sockets.

A

Frontal bone

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10
Q

pair of flat bones located on either side of the head, behind the frontal bone.

A

Parietal bones

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11
Q

pair of irregular bones located under each of the parietal bones.

A

Temporal bones

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12
Q

flat bone at the back of the skull; contains an opening that connects the spinal cord to the brain (foramen magnum)

A

Occipital bone-

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13
Q

irregular bone that sits below the frontal bone

A

Sphenoid bone

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14
Q

irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone, makes up part of the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid bone

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15
Q

14 Viscerocranium/ Facial bones

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Zygomatic bone
  3. Palatine
  4. Nasal bone
  5. Lacrimal
  6. Inferior nasal concha
  7. Mandible
  8. Vomer
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16
Q
  • Jawbone
  • Forms the upper jaw & articulates by sutures to temporal bone; contains the superior teeth
A

Maxilla

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17
Q
  • Cheekbone
  • Anterior to sphenoid bone
A

Zygomatic bone

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18
Q

consists of joined processes of temporal & zygomatic bones that forms a bridge across the side of the face and provides a major attachment site for muscle moving the mandible

A

Zygomatic Arch

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19
Q
  • Roof of oral cavity that separate the nasal cavity & nasopharynx from the mouth; enables chewing & breathing at the same time; these consist of Hard Palate and Soft Palate
A

Palatine

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20
Q

forms the roof of the mouth, which is also the floor of the nasal cavity.

A

Hard Palate

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21
Q

made up of connective tissue & muscles & extend posteriorly from hard palate.

A

Soft Palate

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22
Q

forms the bridge of the nose; mostly consists of cartilage

A

Nasal bone

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23
Q

one of the most prominent openings into the skull.

A

Nasal Cavity

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24
Q

divides the nasal cavity into right & left halves; formed by two structures, vomer bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (superior part).

A

Nasal Septum

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25
Q

consist of 3 bony shelves (inferior nasal concha is separate bone, and middle & superior nasal concha that project from ethmoid bone) in nasal cavity that increase the surface area which facilitates in moistening and warming of air inhaled through the nose.

A

Nasal Conchae

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26
Q

open into the nasal cavity which decrease the weight of the skull & act as resonating chambers during voice production; include frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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27
Q

a small bone in the eye sockets, just above the opening of the nasolacrimal canal

A

Lacrimal

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28
Q

cone-shaped fossae in which the eyes rotate within; the bones provide both protection for eyes & attachment point for muscles that move the eyes.

A

Orbits / Eye Sockets

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29
Q

provide openings through which nerves & blood vessels communicate with the orbit or pass to the face.

A

Superior & Inferior Orbital Fissures

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30
Q

passage of optic nerve entering the cranial cavity.

A

Optic Foramen

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31
Q

passes from the eye sockets into the nasal cavity which contains a duct that carries tears from the eyes to the nasal cavity.

A

Nasolacrimal Canal

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32
Q

a separate bone that forms nasal conchae.

A

Inferior Nasal Concha

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33
Q
  • Forms the lower jaw; contains the inferior teeth.
A

Mandible

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34
Q

forms the inferior half of the nasal septum.

A

Vomer

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35
Q

anterior to mastoid process in which the mandible articulates with temporal.

A

Mandibular Fossa

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36
Q

Bones are segregated into what?



A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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37
Q

skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.


A

Axial

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38
Q

upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles.

A

Appendicular

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39
Q

The central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly past the end of pelvis.

A

VERTEBRAL COLUMN/ SPINE

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40
Q
  • Forms a large portion of the side of the head
  • Join each other at the squamous suture
A

Parietal and temporal bones

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41
Q
  • Prominent projection posterior to the ear
  • Important neck muscles involved in head rotation attach to the mastoid process
A

Mastoid process

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42
Q
  • Part of it can be seen immediately anterior to the temporal bone
  • Resembles a butterfly
A

Sphenoid bone

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43
Q
  • Cone-shaped fossae
  • Bones of the ____ provide both protection for the eyes and attachment points for the muscles that move the eyes
A

Orbits/eye sockets

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44
Q
  • Cone-shaped fossae
  • Bones of the ____ provide both protection for the eyes and attachment points for the muscles that move the eyes
A

Orbits/eye sockets

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45
Q
  • Divided into halves by the nasal septum
  • Other openings: (Superior and inferior orbital fissures)
  • Optic foramen
  • Nasolacrimal canal
A

Nasal cavity

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46
Q
  • Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses
  • Mastoid air cells
A

Paranasal sinuses

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47
Q

5 Bones forming the floor of the cranial cavity



A

*Frontal
* Ethmoid
* Sphenoid- central region- sella turcica
* Temporal
* Occipital

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48
Q

4 Foramina in the floor of middle fossa



A
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Jugular foramen
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49
Q

Foramina at the posterior fossa

A
  • Foramen magnum
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50
Q

located in the occipital bone near the center of the skull’s base.


A

Foramen magnum

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51
Q

smooth points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column, are located beside the foramen magnum


A

Occipital condyles

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52
Q

project from the inferior surface of the temporal bone; origination point of muscles involved in moving
* Tongue
* Hyoid bone
* Pharynx (Throat)



A

Styloid processes -

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53
Q
  • where the mandible articulates with the temporal bone, is anterior to the mastoid process
  • Hard palate
  • Soft palate
A

Mandibular fossa-

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54
Q
  • Unpaired, U-shaped bone
  • It is not a part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull or any other bones
  • The only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone, and is attached to the skull by muscles and ligaments
  • Provide an attachment for:
  • Some tongue muscles
  • Important neck muscles that elevate the
  • larynx/voicebox during speech/swallowing
A

HYOID BONE

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55
Q

consist of 6 bones in total, 3 in each middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes).

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

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56
Q
  • Major vertebral column curvatures:
  • Anterior curve of cervical & lumbar regions
  • Posterior curve of thoracic, sacral, and coccygeal regions
A

VERTEBRAL COLUMN/ SPINE

57
Q

an abnormal posterior curvature of spine, mostly in the upper thoracic region; results in a hunchback condition

A

Kyphosis

58
Q

an abnormal anterior curvature, mainly in the lumbar region; results in a swayback condition.

A

Lordosis

59
Q

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

A

Scoliosis

60
Q

the weight-bearing portion of each vertebra and are separated by pads of fibrocartilage called intervertebral disks.

A

Body

61
Q

surrounds a large opening called vertebral foramen, in which collective forms vertebral canal to enclose & protect the spinal cord from injury; consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae.

A

Vertebral Arch

62
Q

extend from body to the transverse process of each vertebra

A

Pedicles

63
Q

extend from the transverse processes to the spinous process

A

Laminae

64
Q

provide attachment sites for the muscles that move the vertebral column and include:


A

Processes

65
Q

one in each vertebra that projects dorsally from where the two laminae (thin plates) meet; can be seen & felt as series of projections down the midline of back.


A

Spinous Process

66
Q

extend laterally from each side of the arch, between the pedicle & lamina.


A

Transverse Processes

67
Q

where the vertebrae articulate with each other; has a smooth “little face” called articular facet.

A

Superior & Inferior Articular Process

68
Q

gaps between successive vertebrae which is formed by notches in the pedicles; serves as an exit of spinal nerves from the spinal cord

A

Intervertebral Foramina

69
Q

the 1st vertebra; holds up the head & responsible for a “yes” motion; also allows a slight
tilting of head from side to side.

A

Atlas

70
Q

the 2a vertebra; rotates head & responsible for shaking “no”; rotation occurs around a process called the dens that protrudes superiory.

A

Axis

71
Q

*very small bodies, except for atlas
*dislocations & fractures are more common
*each transverse process has transverse foramen (passage of vertebral arteries toward the brain)

A

Cervical Vertebrae

72
Q

*long, thin spinous processes that are directed inferiorly
*extra articular facets on lateral surfaces that articulate with the ribs

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

73
Q

*large, thick bodies
*heavy, rectangular transverse & spinous processes
*low back pain is more common
*superior articular facets face medially & the inferior face laterally that tend to “lock” adjacent lumbar together, giving it more strength

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

74
Q

*fused 5 sacral vertebrae into single bone
*spinous processes of first 4 vertebrae form the median sacral crest & the fifth vertebra does not form, leaving a sacral hiatus at inferior end (site of “caudal” anesthetic injections)

A

Sacrum

75
Q

*fused 5 sacral vertebrae into single bone
*spinous processes of first 4 vertebrae form the median sacral crest & the fifth vertebra does not form, leaving a sacral hiatus at inferior end (site of “caudal” anesthetic injections)

A

Sacrum

76
Q

formed by the bulge of the anterior edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra which serves as a landmark that can be felt during a vaginal examination.

A

Sacral Promontory

77
Q

*tailbone; consists of 4 more-or-less fused vertebrae
*extremely reduced vertebral bodies, without the foramina or processes easily fractured when sitting down hard on a solid surface or during childbirth

A

Соссух

78
Q

superior lateral parts of fused transverse processes.

A

Alae

79
Q

articulates with pelvic bone.

A

Auricular surface

80
Q

partially fused spinous processes.

A

Median sacral crest

81
Q

site of anesthesia injection.

A

Sacral hiatus:

82
Q

intervertebral foramina.

A

Sacral foramina

83
Q

anterior edge of body of first vertebra. Marks separation of abdominal and pelvic cavities.

A

Sacral promontory

84
Q

superior seven. Attach directly to sternum via costal cartilages.

A

True ribs:

85
Q
  • inferior five.
  • Ribs 8 to 10 are joined by common cartilage to costal cartilage of rib 7 and then to the sternum.
A

False ribs

86
Q

(11 to 12) - do not attach to sternum.

A

Floating ribs

87
Q

*Articulates with first rib and clavicle.
*Jugular notch superiorly.

A

Manubrium

88
Q
  • point where manubrium joins body.
  • Second rib articulates here.
A

Sternal angle

89
Q
  • point where manubrium joins body.
  • Second rib articulates here.
A

Sternal angle

90
Q
  • third through seventh ribs articulate.
  • Also called gladiolus.
A

Body

91
Q
  • inferior tip
A

Xiphoid process

92
Q

2 Girdles

A

• Pectoral
• Pelvic

93
Q

4 Upper Limbs.

A

• Arm.
• Forearm.
• Wrist.
• Hand.

94
Q

3 Lower Limbs.

A

• Thigh.
• Leg.
• Foot.

95
Q
  • Forms protective cover.
  • Attachment for clavicle.
  • Attachment for muscles.



A

Acromion process.

96
Q

divides posterior surface into supra-and infraspinous fossae.


A

Scapular spine

97
Q

attachment for muscles.


A

Coracoid process

98
Q

articulates with humerus.

A

Glenoid cavity:

99
Q

articulates with acromion and with manubrium of sternum.

A

Clavicle

100
Q

articulates with acromion and with manubrium of sternum.

A

Clavicle

101
Q

anatomic and surgical

A

Neck

102
Q

*greater and lesser
*Deltoid tuberosity.

A

Tubercles

103
Q
  • rounded, articulates with radius.
A

Capitulum

104
Q
  • rounded, articulates with radius.
A

Capitulum

105
Q

spool-shaped, articulates with ulna.

A

Trochlea

106
Q

spool-shaped, articulates with ulna.

A

Trochlea

107
Q
  • accommodates olecranon process of ulna.
A

Olecranon fossa:

108
Q
  • accommodates olecranon process of ulna.
A

Olecranon fossa:

109
Q

thumb side.



A

Medial

110
Q

rotates in radial notch of ulna.


A

Head

111
Q

site of biceps brachii insertion.

A

Radial tuberosity

112
Q

Articulates with carpals and ulna.

A

Distal end

113
Q
  • little finger side.
  • Proximal end.
    
A

Lateral

114
Q
  • fits over trochlea of humerus.
    
A

Trochlear notch:

115
Q
  • point of elbow.
    
A

Olecranon process:

116
Q
  • Distal end.
  • Head articulates with radius and with carpals.
  • Styloid process.
A

Coronoid process

117
Q
  • eight carpal bones.
  • In order from lateral to medial for proximal row and medial to lateral for distal row:

A

Wrist

118
Q

on anterior surface. Ligament from tubercle of trapezium to hook of hamate.

A

Carpal tunnel:

119
Q

five metacarpals (palm of hand); five digits with their phalanges.

A

Hand

120
Q

form ring.

A

Hip bones and sacrum

121
Q
  • Right and Left.
  • Ilium.
  • Ischium.
  • Pubis.
A

Coxal bones:

122
Q

articulates with head of femur.

A

Acetabulum

123
Q

articulates with head of femur.

A

Acetabulum

124
Q
  • Formed as fusion of embryonic ilium, ischium, pubis. All three contribute to acetabulum.
A

Hip Bones

125
Q
  • iliac crest, anterior and posterior superior iliac spines, greater sciatic notch, auricular surface, sacroiliac joint, iliac fossa.
A

Ilium

126
Q
  • iliac crest, anterior and posterior superior iliac spines, greater sciatic notch, auricular surface, sacroiliac joint, iliac fossa.
A

Ilium

127
Q
  • ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine, ischial ramus.
A

Ischium

128
Q
  • pubic crest, superior and inferior pubic rami, symphysis pubis (pubic symphysis).
  • False (greater pelvis) pelvis superior to brim.
  • True pelvis inferior to brim.
A

Pubis:

129
Q

articulates with acetabulum.


A

Head

130
Q
  • attachment for muscles that fasten lower extremity to hip.
  • Greater and lesser.
A

Trochanters

131
Q
  • articulate with tibia.
  • Medial and lateral.
A

Distal condyles:

132
Q
  • ligament attachment.
  • Medial and lateral.
A

Epicondyles

133
Q

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

A

Foot

134
Q
  • Larger and supports most of weight.
A

Tibia

135
Q
  • attachment of quadriceps femoris.
A

Tibial tuberosity

136
Q
  • shin.
    
A

Anterior crest

137
Q
  • medial and lateral;
*articulate with condyles of femur.
    *Intercondylar eminence.
A

Condyles

138
Q
  • medial side of ankle.
A

Medial malleolus:

139
Q
  • Articulates with tibia not femur.
  • Lateral malleolus: lateral wall of ankle.
A

Fibula

AnaPhy (7 decks)

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